Lecture 10: Arterial and Venous Systems and Lymphatics

Question 1

The least amount of damping of the pressure pulses would occur in which of the following components of the circulatory system?

A. Femoral artery
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules

Answer 1

A. Femoral Artery

Question 2

Which of the following factors affects pulse pressure?

A. Vascular elastance
B. Arterial compliance
C. Stroke volume
D. All of the above
E. B and C only

Answer 2

E. B and C only

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important means for the exchange of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid?

A. Blood hydrostatic pressure
B. Capillary oncotic pressure
C. Diffusion
D. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
E. Osmosis

Answer 3

C. Diffusion

Question 4

Vascular distensibility is directly proportional to which of the following?

A. Increase in volume
B. Increase in pressure
C. Original volume
D. Elastance

Answer 4

A. Increase in volume

Question 5

A systemic vein is about eight times as distensible as its corresponding artery and has a volume about three times as great. How would its compliance compare to that of a corresponding artery?

Answer 5

24x higher compliance (8x3)

Question 6

When the arterial system contains 700 ml of blood, the mean arterial pressure is 100 mmHg. but when the arterial system contains 400 ml of blood, the mean arterial pressure is 0 mmHg. Explain?

Answer 6

Any volume over 400 ml can exert a pressure on an arterial system; below 400 ml a pressure cannot be generated, but there will still be volume present

Question 7

The venous system contains a volume of blood ranging from 2000-3500 ml. Removing several hundred ml from the normal venous volume only changes venous pressure 3 to 5 mmHg. Explain?

Answer 7

Because veins are so distensible; they can let go of a lot of blood without affecting pressure much (compared to changes in arterial system)

Question 8

Why does pulse pressure rise above 120 mmHg during arteriosclerosis?

Answer 8

Noncompliance of the vessels

Question 9

Explain the lack of incisura during aortic regurgitation

Answer 9

There are no aortic valves so no closure occurs

Question 10

Explain why the pulse pressure drops below 80 mmHg in patent ductus arteriosus and aortic regurgitation

Answer 10

The decreased pressure is due to backflow from aorta to pulmonary circulation

Question 11

Explain the trend of damping in pressure pulses

Answer 11

As the pulse wave travels toward smaller vessels, the pulsations will dampen; i.e. there will be a strong pulsation at the femoral artery as opposed to increased dampening in radial artery, arterioles, and capillaries