Lecture 22- Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Placentation

Question 1

Binucleate Giant Cells in ruminant placenta (synepitheliochorial)

Answer 1

BNGC differentiate by endreduplication of the genetic material without cytokinesis

start in fetus and travel to maternal endometrium and fuse

basis for placenta formation

important in immune modulation of mother

Question 2

fetus triggers onset of parturition

Answer 2

secretes fetal cortisol, triggering maternal release of oxytocin

Question 3

Dystocia

Answer 3

difficulty at birth that might result in serious complications for both fetus and dam

Question 4

factors affecting the likelihood of dystocia

Answer 4

• size of the fetus
• twins (in monovulatory)
• multiple fetuses in the birth canal (poly-ovulatory)
• maturity of female ( size, experience)
• uterine torsion
• nutrient deficiency
• position/presentation of the fetus

Question 5

how to help with dystocia

Answer 5

assistance
c-section
fetotomy - if fetus is dead