Lecture 22: Adrenal Hormones Flashcards
What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine, norepinephrine
What part of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?
Zona glomerulosa
What part of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids such as cortisol?
Zona fasciculata
What part of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens?
Zona reticularis
Which layer of the adrenal gland secretes aldosterone?
A. zona reticularis
B. zona glomerulosa
C. zona fasiculata
D. medulla
B. zona glomerulosa
What type of molecule are corticosteroids synthesized from?
Cholesterol
Which of the following is involved in the synthesis of corticosteroids?
A. ACTH
B. angiotensin I
C. PTH
D. Thyroxine
A. ACTH
What is the major mineralocorticoid found in the body?
Aldosterone
What effects does aldosterone have on sodium, potassium, and hydrogen ions?
Increase sodium reabsorption by kidneys; Increase potassium and hydrogen ion secretion by kidneys
What is the major glucocorticoid found in the body?
Cortisol
How is cortisol regulated?
Fluctuates with circadian rhythm - highest before waking and lowest in the evening
What physiological changes occur when there is a lack of aldosterone?
Can be fatal without salt therapy; potassium levels in ECF rise while NaCl is lost rapidly in the urine; reduced blood volume, cardiac output
What physiological changes occur when there is an excess of aldosterone?
Increase in ECF, arterial pressure; hypokalemia, muscle weakness, alkalosis
Which of the following are functions of glucocorticoids?
A. Stimulate gluconeogenesis
B. Resists stress
C. Resists inflammation
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
A patient presents with hyperkalemia, mild acidosis, rise in RBC concentration and uneven pigmentation after injury to the adrenal cortex. What is the likely reason for these symptoms?
A. Cushing’s disease
B. Grave’s disease
C. Addison’s disease
D. Cretinism
C. Addison’s disease
