Lecture 2.2 Flashcards
What impairment occurs when the auditory analysis system is impaired?
pure word deafness
impaired auditory understanding with intact comprehension, reading, and writing
can hear stimuli but can’t do anything with it
but could understand the same information in writing
What impairment occurs when the auditory input lexicon is impaired?
word meaning deafness
can analyze the signal to recognize that it is a word (vs. environmental sound) but can’t identify if they know the word
may not understand, but can still repeat
What impairments occur if there is damage to pathway #3 (auditory input lexicon to semantic system)?
difficulty understanding heard words but can distinguish non-words from words
can repeat real and non-words via route #11
What impairment occurs when the semantic system is impaired?
unable to access semantic construct associated with a heard word, read word, or object
results in “deep” impairments
- semantic dementia/AD/agnosias
semantic errors (ex. read boat as yacht)
concrete concepts easier than abstract
What is the key difference between dementia and aphasia?
dementia = losing concepts
aphasia = having difficulty accessing meaning for these concepts
What would happen if there was damage to the semantic system as well as pathways #3 and 7 (leading from auditory and visual input lexicons)?
semantic paraphasias of various types
ex. fork for spoon, cat for dog, orange for apple
What is a semantic paraphasia?
paraphasia = close to language
semantic = meaning
confusing a word for a word within the same semantic category
What would happen if there was damage to the speech output lexicon?
phonological errors or failure to retrieve
frequency effect: more phonological errors on lower frequency words
- ex. ball = ball, palette = mallet
possible to have partial access to lower frequency words (recall part of the word)
neologisms or target-related words
What is a neologism?
made up words
may resemble target word
ex. pulopus for octopus
What impairments happen if there is damage at the phoneme level?
phonological paraphasias
- words related in sound to target word
dat for cat
tob for top
not influenced by frequency effects
What impairments happen if there is damage at the visual analysis system?
peripheral alexia
difficulty processing/analyzing graphemes in words
telling what are and are not graphemes vs. other random symbols
What impairments happen if there is damage at the visual input lexicon?
difficulty reading/recognizing known words
difficulty distinguishing words with similar spellings
- calm vs. clam
misreading errors
What happens if there is damage to pathway #7 (between visual input lexicon and semantic system)?
difficulty understanding written words, assigning meaning to what you are reading
- can read dog, but dog = ?
can discriminate real vs. pseudowords
auditory comprehension, speaking, writing near normal
What impairments happen if there is damage to grapheme-phoneme conversion?
able to read real words better than non-words
can understand apple vs. azzle or alzze or zelaz
What impairments occur when there is damage to the grapheme output lexicon and phoneme-grapheme conversion?
regularization errors
ex. sord for sword, fone for phone
able to spell (writing) real words better than non-words
- if they struggle with non-words, good indicator
What impairments occur if there is damage at the grapheme level, allograph level, or graphic motor patterns?
peripheral agraphia
case errors letter formation errors script to print errors insertions, repetitions - ex. stestephanie for Stephanie
