Lecture 21 Species, speciation and hybridization

Question 1

Sympatric

Answer 1

When two species live in the same geographical area

Question 2

Allopatric

Answer 2

Two organism that occur in different geographical areas

Question 3

Intrinsic

Answer 3

Prezygotic barrier that has nothing to do with the environment

Question 4

Extrinsic

Answer 4

Mismatch hybrid phenotype due to the environment

Question 5

Auto polyploidy

Answer 5

When an organism has inherited more than two sets of chromosomes from a single species

Question 6

Allopolyploidy

Answer 6

When an organism inherited two or more sets of chromosomes from different species

Question 7

Hybridization

Answer 7

When two organism from different species make an offspring

Question 8

what are the benefits of hybrid polyploid offspring? (2)

Answer 8

they exhibit novel phenotypes so they can exploit new habitats

they show hybrid vigour (improved traits) due to heterozygosity, mainly seen in allopolyploid organisms

Question 9

Speciation continuum

Answer 9

A continuous non unidirectional process of changes within species

Question 10

How do isolating barriers evolve?

Answer 10

isolating barriers evolve from ecological speciation which is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene flow between two populations of a species.

Question 11

what are the cons of hybrid polyploid offspring?

Answer 11

offspring are reproductively isolated from their diploid parents