Lecture 21: Population Genetics & Natural Selection

Question 1

Why might we need to estimate
frequencies of genotypes in a population?

Answer 1

To predict how many individuals will inherit a genetic
disease

To estimate the proportion of individuals who are
‘carriers’ of a genetic disease

Question 2

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation

Answer 2

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Question 3

What is the equation for allele frequency

Answer 3

p + q = 1

Question 4

Allele frequencies can change via…

Answer 4

Non - random mating
assortative mating
inbreeding
v Random Genetic Drift
v Bottleneck Effect
v Founder Effect
v Natural Selection
v Gene Flow or Migration
v Mutation

Question 5

What is random genetic drift

Answer 5

Random change in allele frequencies due to sampling era over generations

Question 6

What is Frequency dependent

Answer 6

a situation where the fitness (survival and reproduction) of a particular trait or genotype depends on its frequency within the population.

Essentially, the “advantage” or “disadvantage” of a trait changes based on how common it is.