Lecture 21-Lung Cancer Flashcards
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
- smoking
- asbestos
- radon
- genetic/familial factors
What does the T part of TNM staging describe?
Size, location and presence of multiple tumours
What does the N part of TNM staging describe?
Regional lymph nodes
Describe N1 stage
Mets in ipsilateral nodes
Describe N2 stage
Mets in mediastinal nodes
Describe N3 stage
Mets in contralateral nodes
What does the M part of TNM staging describe?
Distant metastases
Which imaging techniques are used to diagnose lung cancer?
CXR, CT, PET, MRI, bone scan
What are the symptoms of primary lung tumour?
Cough, dyspnoea, wheezing, haemoptysis, lung infection, chest pain, weight loss, lethargy
What are the symptoms of regional mets of lung cancer?
Bloated face, hoarseness, dyspnoea, dysphagia, chest pain
What are the symptoms of distant mets of lung cancer?
Bone pain, CNS symptoms
What are the metabolic symptoms of lung cancer?
Thirst, constipation, seizures
What are the signs of lung cancer?
- finger clubbing
- cachexia
- pale conjunctiva
- Horner’s syndrome
- consolidation
- skin mets
What is a carcinoma?
Invasive malignant epithelial tumour
What are the main types of lung cancer?
- non-small cell lung cancer: SSC, adenocarcinoma, large cell
- small cell carcinoma
- rare tumours: carcinoid
