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FA2 Cardiovascular > Lecture 21 9/27/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 9/27/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemangiosarcoma?

A

malignant tumor of endothelial cells

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of hemangiosarcoma?

A

-very common in dogs
-right atrium most common site
-rupture or oozing results in hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade
-grossly hemorrhagic, cavitated, and irregularly shaped

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3
Q

What is chemodectoma?

A

heart base tumor/aortic body tumor

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of chemodectoma?

A

-most common in dogs but also seen in cats and cattle
-arise from aortic body between aorta and pulmonary artery
-chemoreceptor organs are responsive to alterations in blood O2 levels
-grossly spherical, smooth, and firm

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphoma?

A

-cardiac location is most common in cattle but occurs in dogs and cats
-often caused by Bovine Leukosis Virus infection

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6
Q

What are the types of arteriovenous communication closure failures?

A

-patent ductus arteriosus
-atrial septal defect
-ventricular septal defect
-AV canal defect

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of PDA?

A

-normally patent in fetus and in foals up to 5 days old
-location is centimeters above aortic valve

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8
Q

What must atrial septal defect be distinguished from?

A

patent foramen ovale, which has a flap

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9
Q

What is AV canal defect?

A

open communication between all 4 chambers of the heart, which is most common in calves

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of pulmonic stenosis?

A

-common in dogs
-may be subvalvular, valvular, or supravalvular
-causes marked right ventricular hypertrophy
-commonly mistaken for HCM

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11
Q

Which breeds are predisposed to subaortic stenosis?

A

-golden retriever
-newfoundland

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of subaortic stenosis?

A

-fibrous tissue below aortic valve
-any fibrous tissue on interventricular septum below aortic valve is abnormal
-results in marked left ventricular hypertrophy
-myocardial necrosis and sudden death are common

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of mitral valve dysplasia?

A

-can be subtle, so short and thick chordae tendinae are looked for
-thickened, nodular, and fused valve leaflets
-results in valvular insufficiency and dilated left atrium

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of tricuspid valve dysplasia?

A

-thickened, nodular, and fused valve leaflets
-short or absent chordae tendinae
-results in valvular insufficiency and dilated right atrium

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15
Q

What are the components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

-ventricular septal defect
-overriding aorta
-pulmonic stenosis
-right ventricular hypertrophy

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of persistent right aortic arch?

A

-common in German Shepherds
-ductus arteriosus compresses esophagus on left side
-esophagus is only dilated cranial to heart base

17
Q

What are the characteristics of anomalous coronary arteries?

A

-common in calves
-can result in ischemic myocardial necrosis
-sudden death or myocardial dysfunction and CHF occur

18
Q

What are the characteristics of arteriosclerosis?

A

-thickening/hardening of arteries
-fibrosis and mineralization
-common aging change in caudal abdominal aorta in dogs; predisposes to aortic thrombosis

19
Q

What are the characteristics of atherosclerosis?

A

-intramural deposition of lipids
-rarely seen in dogs
-seen in dogs with diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism

20
Q

What are the characteristics of aortic rupture?

A

-though to be due to trauma, excessive internal pressure, or both
-uncommon in animals but most often seen in horses
-aorta is normal in most horses; may have defect in Friesians

21
Q

What is hemangioma?

A

benign tumor of endothelial cells of blood vessels

22
Q

What are the characteristics of hemangioma?

A

-dermal hemangioma in dogs can be associated with sun exposure
-dermal hemangioma can undergo malignant transformation
-subcutaneous hemangioma is a common benign tumor

23
Q

Which breeds are predisposed to hemangiosarcoma?

A

-golden retriever
-german shepherd

24
Q

What are the common primary sites for hemangiosarcoma?

A

-spleen
-right atrium
-liver

25
Q

What are the metastatic sites for hemangiosarcoma?

A

-lung
-liver
-kidney
-brain
-spleen
-right atrium

26
Q

What is lymphangiosarcoma?

A

malignant tumor of endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels

27
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphangiosarcoma?

A

-found in caudal ventral abdominal subcutis in cats
-very rare in other species
-NOT lymphoma

FA2 Cardiovascular (21 decks)

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