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PSYC 337 > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DSM-V definition of Agoraphobia (Part A)?

A

a Marked fear or anxiety (2 or more)

  1. Using Public Transportation
  2. Being in open spaces
  3. Being in enclosed spaces
  4. Standing in line
  5. Being outside of home alone
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2
Q

What is part B of the DSM definition of Agoraphobia?

A
  1. Fears or avoids these situations (part A)
  2. Situations almost always provoke fear and anxiety
  3. Situations actively avoided
  4. Fear and anxiety is out of proportion
  5. Fear and anxiety is persistent
  6. Causes clinically significant distress
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3
Q

What does “Human emotions were road tested in the stone age” refer to?

A

A lot of what we fear has evolutionary significance

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4
Q

What is a fear of heights called?

A

Acorophobia

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5
Q

What is a fear of men called?

A

Androphobia

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6
Q

What is a fear of snakes called?

A

Ophidiophobia

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7
Q

What is a fear of making decisions called?

A

Decidophobia

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8
Q

What is a fear of bad breath called?

A

Halitophobia

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9
Q

What is a fear of the pope called?

A

Papaphobia

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10
Q

What is interesting about patients with phobias?

A

they realize that the fear is excessive and unreasonable

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11
Q

What makes phobias so difficult to treat?

A

Avoidance learning is negatively reinforced

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12
Q

What is Traumatic Avoidance Learning?

A

ex: dogs put in compartment A when light turns on a shock happens then they jump to B
can show the dog that there won’t be a shock and they will still jump

how to teach them? tranquilizers + exposure

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13
Q

What is Selective association?

A

we have an evolutionary sensitivity to be afraid of certain things
ex: monkey sees another monkey afraid of snakes -> becomes afraid of snakes
sees another monkey who has been conditioned to be afraid of flowers -> does not become afraid of flowers

Trait differences: some people more at risk than others

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14
Q

What is the Psychoanalytic Explanation for phobias?

A

Little Hans: Oedipus stage -> castration anxiety -> projected onto horses

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15
Q

How do you treat phobias?

A

Exposure:

Systematic desensitization

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16
Q

What is the Hierarchy method of desensitization?

A

Exposure done in a progressive manner

start with what the person can best tolerate, teach them to tolerate it and move on to more frightening stimuli

17
Q

_________ & ___________ used to be called Hysteria

A

Conversion Disorder

Dissociative Disorders

18
Q

What are Conversion symptoms now seen as?

A

Somatoform Disorder

19
Q

What is Conversion Disorder?

A

looks like a neurological disorder but it’s not. It’s psychological

20
Q

What is the DSM definition of Conversion Disorder?

A
  1. One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
  2. Evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and neurological condition
  3. Not explained by another disorder
  4. Causes distress/Impairment
21
Q

What is the big problem with the definition of Conversion Disorder?

A

you cannot prove something doesn’t exist

22
Q

What are the sensory symptoms of Conversion Disorder?

A
  1. Anesthesia: That does not conform with neurostructure
    Conforms to how we think the nervous system operates
    ex: glove anesthesia/paralysis
  2. Hyperesthesia (excess sensation)
  3. Paresthesia (Burning/ticking of skin)
  4. Visual (blindness, tunnel vision)
  5. Audition
23
Q

What are the motor symptoms of Conversion Disorder?

A
  1. Paralysis (yet still have reflexes and lack of atrophy)
  2. Aphonia (inability to speak)
  3. Dyskinesia (impaired movements)
  4. Convulsions/Fainting (yet don’t injure themselves when they fall)
24
Q

What are the 3 Dissociative Disorders?

A
  1. Dissociative Amnesia
  2. Depersonalization Disorder
  3. Dissociative Identity Disorder
25
Q

What is Dissociative Amnesia?

A
  1. Can’t remember important autobiographical info
  2. Causes significant distress/impairment
  3. Not attributable to…
  4. Not better explained by…

with or without dissociative fugue

26
Q

What does Fugue mean?

A

Flight -> end up in a different city don’t know what you’re doing there

27
Q

What is Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder?

A

Either or Both (persistent)

  1. Depersonalization -> experiences of unreality, detachment or being an outside observer with respect of oneself
  2. Derealization: Experiences of unreality etc with respect to ones surroundings
28
Q

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A
  1. Disruption in identity characterized by 2 or more distinct personality states
  2. Recurrent gaps in recall of every day events, trauma, personal info
  3. Causes distress/impairment
  4. Not part of a cultural/religious practice
  5. Not attributable to…
29
Q

Who was the first person to be judged not guilty by reason of insanity? (multiple personality disorder)

A

Billy Milligan

30
Q

How did the # of cases of multiple personality disorder evolve

A

1970: 79 cases of multiple personality disorder published in the world

1985-1995: 40,000

PSYC 337 (19 decks)

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