Lecture 20: Special Senses

Question 1

5 Special Senes

Answer 1

Gustation,
Olfaction,
Vision,
Equilibrium,
Hearing

Question 2

Olfaction

Answer 2

Scent receptor cells pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone,
Branch into olfactory cells that contain receptor proteins,
Molecules inhaled bind to receptor proteins and depolarize receptor cells.
Information carried to olfactory cortex of cerebrum

Question 3

Olfactory Cells (Neurons) Are Able To…

Answer 3

Regrow/regenerate

Question 4

One Reason The Number Of Olfaction Receptors Declines

Answer 4

Age

Question 5

What Cranial Nerve Deals With Olfaction?

Answer 5

Cranial Nerve 1

Question 6

Gustation

Answer 6

Taste receptors are found in taste buds in superior surface of the tongue

Question 7

What Cranial Nerves Deal With Gustation?

Answer 7

Cranial nerve 7 and 9

Question 8

4 Primary Taste Sensations

Answer 8

Sweet,
Salty,
Sour,
Bitter

Question 9

2 Other Taste Sensations

Answer 9

Umami,

Water

Question 10

Where Is Gustatory Information Carried To?

Answer 10

Gustatory cortex of cerebrum

Question 11

Vision

Answer 11

Information carried to visual cortex after stimulation of photoreceptors in the retina of the eye,
Use of rods and cones

Question 12

What Cranial Nerve Deals With Vision?

Answer 12

Cranial nerve 2 (optic nerve)

Question 13

Lacrimal Apparatus Function

Answer 13

Production of tears,

Draining of tears into nasal cavity

Question 14

What Does Lacrimal Apparatus Consist Of?

Answer 14

Lacrimal Gland,
Lacrimal Canaliculi,
Lacrimal Sac,
Nasolacrimal Duct

Question 15

What Is The Function Of Tears?

Answer 15

Lubricate surface of eye,

Antibacterial

Question 16

Extra ocular Eye Muscles

Answer 16

Allow for movement in eye,
6 in each eye,
Lateral Rectus,
Medial Rectus,
Superior Rectus,
Inferior Rectus,
Superior Oblique,
Inferior Oblique

Question 17

Three Layers Of The Eye

Answer 17

Fibrous Tunic,
Vascular Tunic,
Neural Tunic

Question 18

Fibrous Tunic Of Eye

Answer 18

Outer layer,

Sclera & Cornea

Question 19

Vascular Tunic Of Eye

Answer 19

Middle layer,

Iris & Ciliary Body & Choroid

Question 20

Neural Tunic Of Eye

Answer 20

Inner Layer,

Retina

Question 21

2 Cavities Of The Eye

Answer 21

Anterior Cavity,

Posterior Cavity

Question 22

Anterior Cavity Of Eye

Answer 22

Subdivided into anterior/posterior chambers,
Contains aqueous humor,
Anterior Chamber = Anterier to iris,
Posterior Chamber = Posterior to iris

Question 23

Posterior Cavity Of Eye

Answer 23

Contains vitreous humor

Question 24

Aqueous & Vitreous Humor Help Maintain What?

Answer 24

Shape of eye

Question 25

Where Is Aqueous Humor Produced?

Answer 25

Ciliary body in posterior chamber

Question 26

Where Does Aqueous Humor Drain Into?

Answer 26

Flows into anterior chamber and is drained by Canal of Schlemm into veins in the sclera

Question 27

Glaucoma

Answer 27

Condition that results when aqueous humor cannot drain properly through canal of Schlemm, resulting in increased intraocular pressure in anterior eye cavity, Puts pressure on optic disc, Can cause blindness

Question 28

How Is Pupil Size Controlled?

Answer 28

Pupillary constrictor and pupillary dilator muscles in iris

Question 29

How Does Low Light Affect Pupils?

Answer 29

Dilation (sympathetic neurons)

Question 30

How Does High Light Affect Pupils?

Answer 30

Constriction (parasympathetic neurons)

Question 31

Consensual Light Reflex

Answer 31

Changing of pupil size

Question 32

Process Of Vision

Answer 32

Light passes through cornea and pupil and then through the lens, Light is refracted at cornea and lens to focus light rays on the retina, Shape of the lens is controlled by ciliary body (connected to lens by suspensory ligaments)

Question 33

Accommodation

Answer 33

Changing lens shape

Question 34

Eye Lens Becomes _______ When Viewing Near Objects

Answer 34

Rounder

Question 35

Eye Lens Becomes _______ When Viewing Far Objects

Answer 35

Flatter

Question 36

Rods In Eye

Answer 36

Low light vision, Black and white, Very sensitive to any light

Question 37

Cones In Eye

Answer 37

Allow for color vision and visual acuity, | Red, green, and blue cones

Question 38

Where Are Rods Most Numerous?

Answer 38

Around the periphery of the retina

Question 39

Where Are Cones Most Numerous?

Answer 39

Center of retina

Question 40

Macula Lutea

Answer 40

Location where light rays are hitting when looking directly at an object

Question 41

Fovea Centralis

Answer 41

Center of macula lutea, | Has highest cone concentration

Question 42

Derivatives Of Rhodopsin

Answer 42

``` Contains retinal (made from vitamin A), Sensitive to light (molecule changes shape when photon hits it) ```

Question 43

How Does Light Get To Rods And Cones?

Answer 43

Passes through two layers

Question 44

What Two Layers Does Light Pass Through Before Getting To Rods And Cones?

Answer 44

Bipolar Cells, | Ganglion Cells

Question 45

What Do Photoreceptors Stimulate?

Answer 45

Bipolar Cells

Question 46

What Do Bipolar Cells Of Eye Stimulate?

Answer 46

Ganglion Cells

Question 47

What Do Ganglion Cells Of Eye Do?

Answer 47

Axons travel to optic disc, | Out of eye with optic nerve

Question 48

Optic Disc

Answer 48

Blind spot

Question 49

What Is Right Next To Optic Chiasma?

Answer 49

Pituitary Gland