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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 4 > Lecture 20: Special Senses > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

5 Special Senes

A 
Gustation,
Olfaction,
Vision,
Equilibrium,
Hearing
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2
Q

Olfaction

A

Scent receptor cells pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone,
Branch into olfactory cells that contain receptor proteins,
Molecules inhaled bind to receptor proteins and depolarize receptor cells.
Information carried to olfactory cortex of cerebrum

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3
Q

Olfactory Cells (Neurons) Are Able To…

A

Regrow/regenerate

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4
Q

One Reason The Number Of Olfaction Receptors Declines

A

Age

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5
Q

What Cranial Nerve Deals With Olfaction?

A

Cranial Nerve 1

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6
Q

Gustation

A

Taste receptors are found in taste buds in superior surface of the tongue

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7
Q

What Cranial Nerves Deal With Gustation?

A

Cranial nerve 7 and 9

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8
Q

4 Primary Taste Sensations

A

Sweet,
Salty,
Sour,
Bitter

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9
Q

2 Other Taste Sensations

A

Umami,

Water

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10
Q

Where Is Gustatory Information Carried To?

A

Gustatory cortex of cerebrum

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11
Q

Vision

A

Information carried to visual cortex after stimulation of photoreceptors in the retina of the eye,
Use of rods and cones

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12
Q

What Cranial Nerve Deals With Vision?

A

Cranial nerve 2 (optic nerve)

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13
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus Function

A

Production of tears,

Draining of tears into nasal cavity

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14
Q

What Does Lacrimal Apparatus Consist Of?

A

Lacrimal Gland,
Lacrimal Canaliculi,
Lacrimal Sac,
Nasolacrimal Duct

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15
Q

What Is The Function Of Tears?

A

Lubricate surface of eye,

Antibacterial

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16
Q

Extra ocular Eye Muscles

A 
Allow for movement in eye,
6 in each eye,
Lateral Rectus,
Medial Rectus,
Superior Rectus,
Inferior Rectus,
Superior Oblique,
Inferior Oblique
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17
Q

Three Layers Of The Eye

A

Fibrous Tunic,
Vascular Tunic,
Neural Tunic

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18
Q

Fibrous Tunic Of Eye

A

Outer layer,

Sclera & Cornea

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19
Q

Vascular Tunic Of Eye

A

Middle layer,

Iris & Ciliary Body & Choroid

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20
Q

Neural Tunic Of Eye

A

Inner Layer,

Retina

21
Q

2 Cavities Of The Eye

A

Anterior Cavity,

Posterior Cavity

22
Q

Anterior Cavity Of Eye

A

Subdivided into anterior/posterior chambers,
Contains aqueous humor,
Anterior Chamber = Anterier to iris,
Posterior Chamber = Posterior to iris

23
Q

Posterior Cavity Of Eye

A

Contains vitreous humor

24
Q

Aqueous & Vitreous Humor Help Maintain What?

A

Shape of eye

25
Q

Where Is Aqueous Humor Produced?

A

Ciliary body in posterior chamber

26
Q

Where Does Aqueous Humor Drain Into?

A

Flows into anterior chamber and is drained by Canal of Schlemm into veins in the sclera

27
Q

Glaucoma

A

Condition that results when aqueous humor cannot drain properly through canal of Schlemm, resulting in increased intraocular pressure in anterior eye cavity,
Puts pressure on optic disc,
Can cause blindness

28
Q

How Is Pupil Size Controlled?

A

Pupillary constrictor and pupillary dilator muscles in iris

29
Q

How Does Low Light Affect Pupils?

A

Dilation (sympathetic neurons)

30
Q

How Does High Light Affect Pupils?

A

Constriction (parasympathetic neurons)

31
Q

Consensual Light Reflex

A

Changing of pupil size

32
Q

Process Of Vision

A

Light passes through cornea and pupil and then through the lens,
Light is refracted at cornea and lens to focus light rays on the retina,
Shape of the lens is controlled by ciliary body (connected to lens by suspensory ligaments)

33
Q

Accommodation

A

Changing lens shape

34
Q

Eye Lens Becomes _______ When Viewing Near Objects

A

Rounder

35
Q

Eye Lens Becomes _______ When Viewing Far Objects

A

Flatter

36
Q

Rods In Eye

A

Low light vision,
Black and white,
Very sensitive to any light

37
Q

Cones In Eye

A

Allow for color vision and visual acuity,

Red, green, and blue cones

38
Q

Where Are Rods Most Numerous?

A

Around the periphery of the retina

39
Q

Where Are Cones Most Numerous?

A

Center of retina

40
Q

Macula Lutea

A

Location where light rays are hitting when looking directly at an object

41
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Center of macula lutea,

Has highest cone concentration

42
Q

Derivatives Of Rhodopsin

A 
Contains retinal (made from vitamin A),
Sensitive to light (molecule changes shape when photon hits it)
43
Q

How Does Light Get To Rods And Cones?

A

Passes through two layers

44
Q

What Two Layers Does Light Pass Through Before Getting To Rods And Cones?

A

Bipolar Cells,

Ganglion Cells

45
Q

What Do Photoreceptors Stimulate?

A

Bipolar Cells

46
Q

What Do Bipolar Cells Of Eye Stimulate?

A

Ganglion Cells

47
Q

What Do Ganglion Cells Of Eye Do?

A

Axons travel to optic disc,

Out of eye with optic nerve

48
Q

Optic Disc

A

Blind spot

49
Q

What Is Right Next To Optic Chiasma?

A

Pituitary Gland

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 4 (6 decks)

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