Lecture 16: Spinal Cord

Question 1

CNS Consists Of

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 2

PNS Consists Of

Answer 2

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

Question 3

Nerve

Answer 3

Bundles of neurons and neuralgia cells

Question 4

Cranial Nerves Location

Answer 4

Connected directly to brain/brain stem

Question 5

Spinal Nerves Location

Answer 5

Branch off of spinal cord and have others branching off of them

Question 6

How Long Is The Spinal Cord?

Answer 6

About 18 inches

Question 7

Intervertebral Foramen

Answer 7

Where spinal nerves exit,

When vertebral bones are stacked together

Question 8

Conus Medullaris

Answer 8

Tapered end of the spinal cord

Question 9

Cauda Equina

Answer 9

Spinal nerve roots continue inferiorly

Question 10

How Many Pairs of Spinal Nerves Are There?

Answer 10

31 pairs

Question 11

How Many Cervical Nerves Are There?

Answer 11

8 pairs

Question 12

How Many Thoracic Nerves Are There?

Answer 12

12 pairs

Question 13

How Many Lumbar Nerves Are There?

Answer 13

5 pairs

Question 14

How Many Sacral Nerves Are There?

Answer 14

5 pairs

Question 15

How Many Coccygeal Nerves Are There?

Answer 15

1 pair

Question 16

Spinal Nerve Consists Of

Answer 16

A joining of 2 nerve roots

Question 17

Ventral Root

Answer 17

Anterior Side,
Contains axons of motor neurons,
OUT

Question 18

Dorsal Root

Answer 18

Posterior Side,
Contains axons of sensory neurons,
IN

Question 19

Dorsal Root Ganglia

Answer 19

Contain cell bodies of sensory neurons,
In PNS,
Combo of ventral and dorsal root

Question 20

Denticulate Ligaments

Answer 20

Extend from pia mater to dura mater,

Stabilize side-to-side movement (horizontal)

Question 21

Main Functions of Spinal Meninges (4)

Answer 21

1. Specialized membranes that isolate spinal cord from surroundings
2. Protect spinal cord
3. Carry blood supply
4. Continuous with cranial meninges

Question 22

Dura Mater

Answer 22

Outermost layer of spinal cord,
Fuses with periosteum of occipital bone at foreman magnum,
Joins filum terminale in coccygeal ligament

Question 23

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 23

Middle meningeal layer

Question 24

Pia Mater

Answer 24

Inner meningeal layer,

Bound to underlying neural tissue by astrocytes

Question 25

Epidural Space

Answer 25

Between spinal dura mater and walls of vertebral canal, | Contains loose connective and adipose tissue

Question 26

Subdural Space

Answer 26

Between arachnoid mater and dura mater

Question 27

Subarachnoid Space

Answer 27

Between arachnoid mater and pia mater, | Filled with CSF

Question 28

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 28

CSF, | Carries dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes

Question 29

What Structures Help Prevent Vertical Movement of Spinal Cord?

Answer 29

Dura mater connections at foramen magnum, | Filum terminale

Question 30

Posterior Median Sulcus of Spinal Cord

Answer 30

Small depression in back of spinal cord that separates left and right

Question 31

Anterior Median Fissure of Spinal Cord

Answer 31

Deep depression in front of spinal cord that separates left and right

Question 32

Central Canal of Spinal Cord

Answer 32

Middle part of "butterfly", | Crossing from left to right of spinal cord

Question 33

Gray Matter of Spinal Cord

Answer 33

Cell bodies in nuclei and neuroglia and some axons, "Butterfly shape", Has horns (dorsal and ventral)

Question 34

Posterior Gray Horns

Answer 34

Sensory nuclei

Question 35

Anterior Gray Horns

Answer 35

Somatic motor nuclei

Question 36

Gray Commissures

Answer 36

Where axons cross (in central canal)

Question 37

White Matter of Spinal Cord

Answer 37

Contains just axons bundled in tracts

Question 38

Tract

Answer 38

Bundle of axons in CNS, | Relay same information in the same direction

Question 39

Examples of Tracts (4)

Answer 39

Posterior white columns, Anterior white columns, Lateral columns, Anterior white commissure

Question 40

Ascending Tracts

Answer 40

Carry sensory information toward the brain

Question 41

Descending Tracts

Answer 41

Carry motor information to spinal cord