Lecture 20- Learning and memory Flashcards
What are the two main types of memory?
implicit and explicit
-operate through different mechanisms
What is working memory a subdivision of?
-explicit memory
What is explicit memory?
- memory of facts
- if short term called= working memory
- you can describe it
What is implicit memory?
- unconscious, cannot explain
- includes habituation, sensitization, classical and operant conditioning and procedural memory
- -implicit, you don’t think about it
- ljust access the motor program, some innate some have to learn and then becomes implicit and procedural
- tying your shoes
- opposite of the explicit memory
- you can remember via explicit memory remember how you learned it
- your name= learn, but so used often, becomes procedural memory
- repeated over and over again
- applie sin language, words you use most often, procedural! = but technically they are explicit as they are facts= overlap
What is habituation and sensitization?
= after a short period of time= you don’t perceive a stimulus, no control over
sensitization= activating the fear to notice stimuli, if noxious or alarming stimulus it obliterates habituation
- critical adaptation to state of alarm
- gets rid of the habituation
-neither one is consciously activated (sensitization and habituation)
What is classical conditioning?
- pavlov
- salivate when the bell rings even if no food
What is operant conditioning?
behaviour comes before the conditioning stimulus
- call your dog, give a treat; then call= comes even when don’t give a treat
- one of the most important ways of learning= unconcious
- we can asses it consciously
What is procedural memory?
the “how to” memory, walking, driving etc.
What does working memory do?
-Stores newly acquired information and retrieved memories
•Memory traces last seconds to minutes
-newly acquired info and newly called info
-holding for long enough to be functions
-lasts only a few seconds mostly (minutes in some situations
What does the working memory depend on?
- on prefrontal cortex
- Also lateral intraparietal cortex
What are the three subdivisions of working memory?
- Central executive
- Phonological loop
- Spatiotemporal sketchpad
•Each component of working memory is distributed across a different set of brain regions
Who was Phineas Gage?
injury through prefrontal cortex, behavioural changes, became distrusting of others, his working memory impact
-thanks to that we know that prefrontal and lateral intraparietal cortex are part of memory
What is the central executive?
flexible system responsible for the control and regulation of cognitive processes. It has the following functions:
- binding information from a number of sources into coherent episodes
- coordination of the slave systems
- shifting between tasks or retrieval strategies
- selective attention and inhibition
What is the phonological loop?
remember words, repeat words, can hold 7 items, 1st in 1st out arrangement, things have to be stored and repeated otherwise it won’t get out of working memory into long term memory
What is the spatiotemporal sketchpad?
-what is going in visual space, how it connect with time and contains olfactory and touch etc. everything except facts and auditory function that allow you to recognise words