Lecture 20: Interrogating the Coding and Non-Coding Genome Flashcards
What effect do genes and environment have on BP?
30% from genes
70% from environment
What are the most common mutations related to cardiovascular disease?
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPS)
What is GWAS?
Genome Wide Association Studies.
Looking at multiple SNPs and their association with a certain phenotype.
What is the correlation between SNPs and BP?
Certain SNPs are correlated with high BP and others with low BP. This is what is studied via association studies.
What percentage of heritability is due to GWAS?
GWAS is responsible for about 10% of heritability of BP
rare monogenic traits are responsible for even less
What is copy number variation?
Variation in the number of copies of larger segments of the genome (10kb to 5Mb).
12% of the genome are consistent of these types
How do copy number variations cause different effects on blood pressure?
More expression is found from a higher copy number which could influence an arbitrary factor related to BP.
How much of the genome consists of non-coding genes?
85 - 90% of the genome
What are the types of non-coding RNA?
lncRNAs (Long non-coding RNAs)
miRNAs (very small)
What do lncRNAs do?
Chromatin modifications
PoIII activity regulation
Transcriptional interference
What do miRNAs do?
Splicing
Gene editing
mRNA stability
Translation initiation
What does methylation of DNA do?
Blocks access of polymerase and other proteins
What are the steps taken to study RNA?
Tissue is required
Whole genome expression is analysed via microarrays and RNA sequencing
Single gene expression is analysed
How do miRNA molecules function?
They bind to mRNA and either block translation or degrade the mRNA
Where in the body are miRNAs found?
miRNAs are found everywhere. In most tissues, in the blood, etc
