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oneoseven > lecture 20 - HIV & AIDS > Flashcards

lecture 20 - HIV & AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

elite controllers

A

people who get HIV but never AIDS. They make antbodies that neutralize nearly all known HIV strains

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2
Q

env reading frame makes…

A

gp41 and gp120 (joined)

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3
Q

does HIV infect the germ line?

A

NO

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4
Q

lentivirus means?

A

slow virus

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5
Q

polyprotein? enzyme required?

A

one long amino acid chain is translated and is then cleaved into multiple, functional proteins using the enzyme PROTEINASE

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6
Q

At what point is HIV invisible to the immune system

A

once viral cDNA incorporated into nuclear DNA

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7
Q

first observed in?

A

1979

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8
Q

which cells are targetted? how does HIV stop immune response and win?

A

eventually HIV particle numbers rise too high and destroy T helper cells and macrophages (CD4) at a rate that production of new cells can’t keep up with.

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9
Q

HIV proteinase structure

A
  • 1 amino acid sequence (only 99 amino acids)

- 2 (identical) subunits

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10
Q

symptoms of AIDS

A

immune system can no longer function without T-helpers and unusual diseases, normally prevented in a healthy person, occur

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11
Q

response after initial infection or nuh?

A

YES, mild flu symptoms experienced (maybe not noticed) and HIV is neutralised and tagged for destruction by antibodies. VIRAL LOAD DROPS

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12
Q

integrase =

A

enzyme for incorporating cDNA into host cell’s DNA

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13
Q

3 open reading frames (genes) of HIV…

A

gag, pol, env - code for polyproteins

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14
Q

diameter of HIV virus?

A

100nm

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15
Q

HIV transmission

A

body fluids - semen, blood, breastmilk

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16
Q

why is HIV considered a lentivirus?

A

symptoms don’t occur until 5-10 years post infection

17
Q

structure of proteins in HIV critical for?

A

drug design

18
Q

can infection in babies be prevented?

A

YES, by drug treatment

19
Q

gag open reading frame makes…

A

capsid and matrix

20
Q

combination AIDS therapy

A
  • AZT inhibitors for reverse transcriptase

- proteinase inhibitor

21
Q

can you ever be cured?

A

NO, drugs only delay AIDS

22
Q

on the outermost of the HIV particle is the _____ _________. Embedded in the membrane are _ ___ proteins and _ ___ proteins are attached to these ‘stalks’.. Beneath this layer you find the ______, within which is the ______ which holds _ strands of _____ and the enzyme _______ __________. Tommy’s dick is _____ m long.

A

on the outermost of the HIV particle is the plasma membrane. Embedded in the membrane are _3 gp41 proteins and _3 gp120 proteins are attached to these ‘stalks’.. Beneath this layer you find the matrix, within which is the capsid which holds 2 strands of RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Tommy’s dick is 3 m long.

23
Q

pol reading frame encodes …

A

proteinase, reverse transcriptase, and integrase

24
Q

retrovirus =

A

particle contains RNA genome

25
Q

when infected cell is activated

A

DNA from HIV transcribes mRNA then translates the 9 genes and consequently 19 proteins

26
Q

RNA to cDNA using

A

reverse transcriptase

27
Q

how many cases worldwide? where is HIV predominant?

A

~40 million, ~20 million alone in Africa

28
Q

cell-mediated response = ?

A

infected cells eliminated. Tagged to be destroyed because they have virus pieces on MHC molecules (similar to APCs)

29
Q

length of HIV proteinase

A

99 amino acids - very simple (more so than lysozyme)

30
Q

HIV life cylcle

A
  1. HIV’s gp120 binds to CD4 antigen receptor protein
  2. gd41 allows membranes to fuse and capsid enters T-cell
  3. reverse transcriptase makes double stranded DNA from single stranded viral RNA
  4. cDNA integrated into nuclear DNA (integrase).
  5. sits for years until T-cell is activated
  6. virus transcripted and gag, pol, env proteins made
  7. bud off into multiple new HIV particles
31
Q

AIDS stands for? HIV stands for?

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus

oneoseven (18 decks)

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