lecture 16 - intro. to blood and immune

Question 1

litres of blood in an adult

Answer 1

5L (around 80kg)

Question 2

litres of blood in an infant

Answer 2

300mL

Question 3

blood components, which escape capillaries, form the _______ ____?

Answer 3

interstitual fluid

Question 4

interstitial fluid enters into?

Answer 4

lymphatic vessels (now called LYMPH)

Question 5

Lymph returns to blood via?

Answer 5

lymphatic ducts

Question 6

3 blood functions?

Answer 6

Transport, regulation, protection

Question 7

blood components?

Answer 7

55% plasma

45% formed elements

Question 8

plasma consists of?

Answer 8

• mostly water (91.5%)
• proteins (7%)
• other solutes (ions, nutrients, waste etc.) [1.5%]

Question 9

3 proteins in the plasma include…?

Answer 9

• albumins (54%)
• immunoglobulins (38%)
• fibrinogen (clotting = fibrin) [7%]

Question 10

blood is an __________ fluid and a _________ tissue

Answer 10

extracellular, connective

Question 11

white blood cells consist of…?

Answer 11

• mostly neutrophils 70%
• then lymphocytes 20%
• monocytes 3-8%
• Eosinophils 2-4%
• Basophils 0.5-1.0%

Question 12

how many litres of blood daily?

Answer 12

14,000L

Question 13

blood will clot without?

Answer 13

anticoagulant. blood is otherwise a very sticky and viscous fluid

Question 14

permeability of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 14

more permeable than blood capillaries

Question 15

immune system security analogy

Answer 15

• prior knowledge
• surveillance
• response
• memory

Question 16

serum = ?

Answer 16

blood plasma without fibrinogen

Question 17

formed elements consist of?

Answer 17

• erythrocytes (99.9%)
• white (blood cells less than 0.1%)
• platelets (less than 0.1%)

Question 18

what percentage of body mass is blood?

Answer 18

8%

Question 19

blood transports?

Answer 19

O2, CO2, waste, nutrients, hormones, HEAT

Question 20

blood regulates?

Answer 20

heat, salinity, pH

Question 21

blood protects by?

Answer 21

immune - surveillance circuit, clotting- “leakage protection”

Question 22

volume of blood in one heartbeat

Answer 22

70mL

Question 23

examples of “other solutes”

Answer 23

Electrolytes, Nutrients, Gases, Regulatory Substances, Waste Products and Ions