Lecture 20

Question 1

In order to cause disease pathogens must:

Answer 1

1. get inside the host (overcome surface barriers)

2. Survive inside host (overcome resistance by host)

Question 2

Immunology

Answer 2

Science concerned with immune responses

Question 3

Immune system

Answer 3

Comprised of widely distributed molecules, cells, tissues, and organs.
Can recognize foreign substance and destroy them.

Question 4

Immunity

Answer 4

Ability of host to resist a particular disease or infection

Question 5

Innate (nonspecific) immune response

Answer 5

1. This is the FIRST line of defense
2. Resistance to any microbe or foreign material
3. Cannot remember pathogens

Question 6

Lacks immunological memory

Answer 6

The Innate immune system does not get better as it is repeatedly exposed to pathogen

Question 7

Adaptive (specific) immune response

Answer 7

Acquired immunity
Specific towards a specific pathogen
Has memory and gets better as it is exposed over and over

Question 8

Innate Immunity Examples

Answer 8

First line of defense: Barriers, Skin, Mucas

Second line of defense: Cytokines, Inflammation, Phagocytes, NK cells

Question 9

Adaptive Immunity Examples

Answer 9

Third line of defense:
 Antibodies
Lymphocytes
B cells
T cells

Question 10

Skin

Answer 10

Very inhospitable environment for microbes

Question 11

Mucous Membranes

Answer 11

Inside or outside the body. The membranes are covered in mucous that contain antimicrobial substances

Question 12

Lysozyme

Answer 12

Hydrolyzes bond connecting sugars in peptidoglycan

Question 13

RNAse enzymes

Answer 13

Degrade RNA

Question 14

Lactoferrin

Answer 14

Sequesters iron

Question 15

Chemical (second line/innate)

Answer 15

Antimicrobial peptides
Complement
Cytokines

Question 16

Cellular (second line/innate)

Answer 16

Phagocytes

Natural Killer cells

Question 17

Antimicrobial Peptides

Answer 17

Small peptides (approx. 12-50 amino acids) that have antimicrobial activity.
Found in everything.
Over 2,000 AMPs identified.

Question 18

Amphipathic

Answer 18

have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, most function by inserting into membrane