Lecture 19

Question 1

Single Microbe

Answer 1

Causes a particular disease

Question 2

Vibrio Cholera

Answer 2

Causes cholera

Question 3

Influenza

Answer 3

Causes the flu

Question 4

Disease

Answer 4

Many different microbial causes

Question 5

Conjuctivitis

Answer 5

Caused by many bacteria and virus

Question 6

Meningitis

Answer 6

caused by many different bacteria and viruses

Question 7

Viral Meningitis

Answer 7

Causes:

1. Enterovirus (most common)
2. Herpes
3. Influenza
4. Rubella
5. Coxsackie
6. EBV
7. Adenorvirus

Question 8

Viral Meningitis

Answer 8

Most common infection of the CNS in under 1 year olds

Question 9

Symbiosis

Answer 9

Association of two or more different species of organisms.

Question 10

Organisms living together

Answer 10

Symbiosis

Question 11

In symbiosis one member of the pair benefits from the relationship. The other may:

Answer 11

Injured
Unaffected
or may benifit

Question 12

a microbe is

Answer 12

Symbiont

Question 13

Larger Organism

Answer 13

Host

Question 14

Ectosymbiont

Answer 14

Organism located on the surface of another organism. (example is the skin)

Question 15

Endosymbiont

Answer 15

Organism located WITHIN another organism. (example bacteria in gut)

Question 16

Consortium

Answer 16

Hosts have more than one associated symbiont

Question 17

Mutualism

Answer 17

Some reciprocal benefit to both partners.
There is obligation.
Partners usually cannot live separately.
Codependent.

Question 18

Example of mutualism

Answer 18

Aphids and Buchnera aphidicola. The insects consume sap and microbe inside insect provides vitamins and amino acids

Question 19

Example of mutualism

Answer 19

Termites and protozoan symbiont. Termites eat the wood and protozoan digests the cellulose and provides nutrients for termite.

Question 20

Protozoan-Termite Relationship

Answer 20

Bacteria in termite gut that aid in the protozoan symbiont.
Protozoan relies on bacterial symbionts.
Bacteria TG1 and spirochetes

Question 21

The Rumen Ecosystem

Answer 21

Ruminants: animals have stomach divided into four compartments that can break down and acquire nutrients from plants by putting it into special compartment.

Question 22

Rumen

Answer 22

Upper part of the ruminant stomach, contains large, diverse population of microbes.

Question 23

Ruminants and microbial community

Answer 23

mutualistic relationship. The bacteria produce extracellular cellulase that breaks up cellulose into D-glucose.

Question 24

Cooperation

Answer 24

relationship that benefits both organisms. It differs from mutualism because a cooperative relationship is not obligatory. (syntrophic)

Question 25

Syntrophic

Answer 25

One species lives off the products of another species. (involves Carbon and nitrogen/sulfur cycles)

Question 26

Commensalism

Answer 26

Undirectional. | One organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Question 27

Commensal

Answer 27

Organism that benefits.

Question 28

Examples of Commensalism

Answer 28

Nitrification

Question 29

Examples of Commensalism

Answer 29

The environment is altered by one species making it favorable for another

Question 30

Predation

Answer 30

One organism gains (predator) and the other is harmed (prey). The predator attacks and kills the prey

Question 31

Bdellovibrio

Answer 31

Penetrates cell wall, grows outside plasma membrane in periplasm

Question 32

Vampirococcus

Answer 32

Epibiotic mode of attacking prey, living on surface

Question 33

Daptobacter

Answer 33

Penetrates prey then directly consumes the cytoplasmic contents

Question 34

Myxococcus (wolf pack)

Answer 34

Cells use gliding motility to creep and overtake their prey and release degradtive enzymes

Question 35

Parasitism

Answer 35

one organism gains and the other is harmed, typically the host is not killed. There is some level of co-existence.

Question 36

Co-existence

Answer 36

In between commensalism (no harm to host) and predation (kills host)

Question 37

Successful Parasites

Answer 37

Evolved to co-exist in equilibrium with their hosts.

Question 38

Ammensalism

Answer 38

Association between two organisms where one organisms is inhibited and the other is unaffected.

Question 39

Antibiosis

Answer 39

Based on the release of a specific compound (fungi and bacteria antibiotic production)

Question 40

Competition

Answer 40

Occurs when two organisms try to acquire or use the same resource

Question 41

One organism dominates

Answer 41

Stronger organism reproduces more and out competes weaker organism

Question 42

Two organisms share the resource

Answer 42

Both survive at lower populations

Question 43

Human-Microbe Interactions

Answer 43

Human body is diverse environment that has specific niches.

Question 44

Microbiota

Answer 44

All the microbes living in or on the human body

Question 45

The human body has _____ times more nucleated bacterial cells than human cells

Answer 45

10

Question 46

Microbiome

Answer 46

All the genes of the host and the microbiota

Question 47

Human Microbiome project

Answer 47

December 2007, was an attempt to define normal populations of microbes in and on human beings

Question 48

Superorganisms

Answer 48

Emerge when the gene-encoded metabolic processes of the host become integrated with those of host.

Question 49

Superorganisms

Answer 49

A blend of host and microbial trais where host and micrbobial cells co-metabolize various substrates resulting in unique product

Question 50

Normal Microbiota Interaction

Answer 50

Commensalism, Mutualism, and Cooperation

Question 51

Pathogenicity

Answer 51

Ability to produce pathological change or disease

Question 52

Pathogen

Answer 52

Any disease producing microorganism