Lecture 2 Urinary System Embryology

Question 1

What part of the mesoderm goes on to form the kidney and reproductive system

Answer 1

Intermediate plate mesoderm

Question 2

What is the allantois

Answer 2

Outpouching of endoderm at the handout that extends into the body stalk

Question 3

What is the cloaca

Answer 3

Single posterior opening for a birds digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts

Question 4

What eventually happens to the cloaca

Answer 4

Divides to form rectum and urogenital sinus

Question 5

What does the urogenital sinus eventually become

Answer 5

Urinary bladder and the caudal end forms the urethra

Question 6

What is the fate of the allantois

Answer 6

Obliterates to form the urachus

Question 7

In week 4 the intermediate mesoderm becomes___

Answer 7

Pronephros

Question 8

What is the pronephros

Answer 8

Rudimentary tubules

Pronephric duct

Question 9

Where does the pronephric duct drain into

Answer 9

Cloaca

Question 10

During week 5 what happens to the pronephros

Answer 10

Degenerates leaving the pronephric duct

Question 11

What does the pronephric duct become

Answer 11

Mesonephric duct

Question 12

What structure functions as the kidney for 4 weeks

Answer 12

Mesonephris

Question 13

When does the metanephros start to develop

Answer 13

Week 5

Question 14

When does the metanephros start to function

Answer 14

Week 9

Question 15

What is the metanephros

Answer 15

Uteric bud

and develops off the mesospheric duct and metanephric mesoderm

Question 16

The uteric bud goes on to develop into

Answer 16

Renal pelvis, ureter, collecting duct and calyces

Question 17

What happens to the mesonephros

Answer 17

Incorporated into the developing gonad and undifferentiated cells from the yolk sac migrate in to form the spermatogonia/oogonia

Question 18

What do the mesonephric tubules become

Answer 18

Rate testis

Question 19

What does the mesonephric duct become

Answer 19

Vas deferens- male

Ovary- females

Question 20

The first 4 generations of branches of the uteric bud become

Answer 20

major calyces

Question 21

The second 4 generations of branches of the uteric bud become

Answer 21

minor calyces

Question 22

The remaining generations of the branches of the steric bud become

Answer 22

Collecting tubules

Question 23

Where does the nephron develop from

Answer 23

Metanephric mesoderm

Question 24

Collecting duct, calyces, pelvis and ureter develop from

Answer 24

The uteric bud

Question 25

Describe the ascent of the kidneys

Answer 25

1. Initially lie on either side of the bladder and in the developing pelvis
2. Appears the ascend into abdomen due to differential growth of the lower body, inferiorly away from kidneys
3. Kidneys come to lie in upper abdomen (T12-L3)
4. Hilum rotates from ventral to medial
5. Ascend stops when they come into contact with adrenal glands
6. Segmental breakdown and reform of vascular supply during ascent

Question 26

Name anomalies in the development of the kidneys

Answer 26

• Multiple ureters
• Abnormal sites at which ureter may open
• Congenital polycystic kidney
• Aberrant renal arteries
• Lobulated kidney
• Horseshoe kidney
• Pancake kidney