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NATS 1650 > Lecture 2 - Tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Define tissues

A

Tissues are a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

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2
Q

Define histology

A

The study of tissues. It is a subset of Microscopic Anatomy.

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3
Q

What are the types of tissues and what do they do?

A
  • Connective tissue (supports)
  • Epithelial tissues (protects)
  • Muscle tissue (moves)
  • Nervous (controls)
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4
Q

Describe the types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Covering/lining epithelium (forms outer layer of skin and internal structures)
  2. Glandular epithelium (forms glands of body)
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5
Q

What are the functions of epithelia?

A

Remember PASS !

  1. Protection
  2. Absorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Sensory Reception
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6
Q

Describe the basic structure of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Apical Surface: free surface exposed to exterior environment or cavity of organ. Often has microvilli or cilia
  2. Basal Surface: anchored lower surface of epithelium
  3. Basal Lamina: adhesive sheet beneath Basal Surface; joins epithelial tissue to connective tissue
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7
Q

What are some facts about epithelial tissue?

A
  1. They fit closely together to form continuous sheets
  2. Sit upon and are supported by Connective Tissue
  3. Avascular (lacks blood vessels), but Innervated (has nerves)
  4. High regenerative capacity
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8
Q

How are epithelial tissue classified? What are the classifications of epithelial tissue based on arrangement of layers?

A

Epithelial tissue is classified according to its arrangement of layers and cell shape.

  1. Simple
  2. Pseudostratified
  3. Stratified
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9
Q

What are the classifications of epithelial tissue based on cell shape?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
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10
Q

What is important about the arrangement of layers and surface of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. More layers = more protection
  2. Single layer means it’s easier for substances to pass through
  3. Cilia: often helpful in moving substances or involved in sensation
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11
Q

Examples: Where can simple squamous epithelia be found and name its properties?

A
  • very thin
  • located in areas where absorption/secretion is important
  • i.e.; blood vessels, air sacs in lungs
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12
Q

Examples: Where can stratified squamous epithelia be found and name its properties?

A
  • very thick
  • found in areas where protection is important
  • i.e.; skin
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13
Q

What are epithelial glands and what do they do?

Describe the two types of glandular epithelium.

A
  • Glands consists of one or more cells. They make or secrete a particular substance.

There are two types of epithelial glands:

  1. Endocrine: substance is secreted into bloodstream (usually hormones)
  2. Exocrine: substance travels through a duct to destination
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14
Q

Describe the structure of endocrine glands of the thyroid?

A
  • the thyroid follicle is the area encompassing the epithelial cells and the stored precursor hormone.
  • hormone producing epithelial cells line the stored precursor of hormone
  • blood vessels are on the outside
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15
Q

Describe the structure of exocrine glands?

A
  • looks like a donut
  • basement membrane lines the outside of exocrine gland
  • the nucleus in the epithelial cells lines the inside of the basement membrane
  • lumen of duct of sweat gland in the middle
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16
Q

What are the role of connective tissues in the body? What are the types of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue supports body structures.

There are 4 types of connective tissue:

  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Blood

Remember CCBB.

17
Q

List the major functions of connective tissue

A
  1. Binding and supporting
  2. Protecting
  3. Insulating
  4. Storing reserve fuel
  5. Transporting substances
18
Q

List major connective tissue structures

A

Reticular fibres: They provide support in blood vessel walls and form branching networks around various cells

Collagen fibres: are strong, flexible bundles of the protein collagen, the most abundant protein in your body

Elastic fibres: are stretchable but strong fibres made of proteins, elastin, and fibrillin. Found in skin, blood vessels, and lung tissue.

Ground substance: Material between cells and fibres. Made of water and organic molecules (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine). It supports cells and fibres, binds them together and provides a medium for exchanging substances between blood and cells.

19
Q

What is connective tissue proper and what are some of its functions?

A

Connective tissue proper simply refers to connective tissue that have a dense arrangement of extracellular protein fibres that gives the tissue strength and toughness.

  1. Binding
  2. Resists tension/mechanical stress
  3. Fat storage
  4. Provides reservoir for water and salts
20
Q

How many types of connective tissue proper are there and where can they be found?

A
  • 6 different types of connective tissue proper
  • Can be found in adipose(fat)
  • under (supporting) epithelia
  • ligaments (connect bones)
21
Q

What is the function of Cartilage connective tissue?

A
  1. Resists compression (high level of water in the matrix)

2. Cushions and supports body structures

22
Q

What are the types of connective tissue Cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
23
Q

What is the function of Bone connective tissue?

A
  1. Very hard; resists compression and tension

2. Support

24
Q

What are the types of Bone connective tissue?

A
  1. Compact

2. Spongy

25
Q

What are the functions of blood connective tissue?

A
  1. Fluid tissue

2. Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and other substances (hormones) throughout the body

26
Q

What are the properties of muscle and what is the role of muscles in the body?

A
  1. High cell concentration
  2. Highly vascularized
  3. Responsible for most body movements
27
Q

What are the types of muscle in the body?

A
  1. Smooth
  2. Cardiac
  3. Skeletal
28
Q

Describe the main components of the nervous system and list the cell types in the nervous system.

A

Main components of nervous system: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves

Cell Type:

  1. Neurons
  2. Supporting cells

NATS 1650 (5 decks)

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