lecture 2 [tissue level of organization_epithelial cells]

Question 1

define histology

Answer 1

the study of tissues (cells that are grouped together and perform a similar function)

Question 2

characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

• cellular (bound close together)
• polar (apical, basal, and lateral [apical is exposed to surface/lumen])
• attached (basal cell layer attached to basement layer)
  avascular (no vessels/independent blood supply)
• innervated (nervous supply within tissue)
• high regeneration capacity (cells can replace themselves when damaged)

Question 3

function of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

• covers surfaces (protecting from abrasions and dehydration)
• lines insides of organs and body cavities (controls permeability)

Question 4

describe cilia

Answer 4

a specialized apical projection that can move over apical surfaces (long hairs, common in the respiratory system)

Question 5

describe microvili

Answer 5

specialized apical projection that increases surface area for absorption (small folded ridges)

Question 6

describe sterocilia

Answer 6

specialized apical projections- super long cilia, functions as microvilli (long hairs increasing surface area for absorption)

Question 7

what is simple epithelium?

Answer 7

one layer of epithelial cells all in direct contact with a basement membrane

Question 8

simple squamous epithelial cells

Answer 8

structure: simple squamous cell

Question 9

simple cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer 9

structure: simple cuboidal cells, lumen, basement membrane

Question 10

simple columnar epithelial cells

Answer 10

structure: simple columnar cell, lumen, basement membrane, goblet cell

Question 11

psuedo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 11

structure: psuedo-stratified cell, basement membrane, cilia

Question 12

location of simple squamous epithelial cells

Answer 12

location: alveoli of lungs, endothelium, and mesothelium

Question 13

function of simple squamus epithelial cells

Answer 13

function: rapid diffusion, filtration, secretion in serous membranes

Question 14

function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer 14

function: absorption and secretion

Question 15

location of simple cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer 15

location: kidney tubules

Question 16

function of simple columnar epithelial cells

Answer 16

function: protection, secretion of mucin, and movement (from cilia)

Question 17

location of simple columnar epithelial cells

Answer 17

location: lining of digestive tract (not in the esophagus though)

Question 18

function of pseudostratified epithelial cells

Answer 18

function: protection, secretion of mucin, and movement (from cilia)

Question 19

location of pseudostratified epithelial cells

Answer 19

location: respiratory tract (can help filter debris in air using cilia)

Question 20

what is stratified epithelium

Answer 20

two or more layers of epithelial cells, with only the deepest cell layer in direct contact with the basement membrane

Question 21

what does keratinized mean

Answer 21

dead cells

Question 22

stratified squamous keratinized epithelial cell structure

Answer 22

structure: stratified squamous cells, dead

Question 23

stratified squamous keratinized epithelial cell function

Answer 23

function: protection of underlying tissue (most protective)

Question 24

stratified squamous keratinized epithelial cell location

Answer 24

epidermis of skin

Question 25

what is the protective function of mucin?

Answer 25

catching debris and lubricating

Question 26

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelial cell structure

Answer 26

structure: living stratified squamous cells, basement membrane, lumen

Question 27

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelial cell function

Answer 27

location: protection of underlying tissue (not in epidermis)

Question 28

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelial cell location

Answer 28

location: vagina, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anus (entrances and exits)

Question 29

stratified cuboidal epithelial cells structure

Answer 29

structure: stratified cuboidal cell, basement membrane, lumen

Question 30

stratified cuboidal epithelial cell function

Answer 30

function: protection and secretion (for some)

Question 31

stratified cuboidal epithelial cells location

Answer 31

location: large ducts of exocrine glands and parts of male urethra

Question 32

stratified columnar epithelial cell structure

Answer 32

structure: stratified columnar cell, basement membrane, lumen

Question 33

stratified columnar epithelial cell function

Answer 33

function: projection and secretion (some)

Question 34

stratified columnar epithelial cell location

Answer 34

location: very rare (in male urethra and large duct of exocrine glands)

Question 35

transitional epithelial cells structure

Answer 35

structure: epithelial cells with a domed apical surface, basement membrane, lumen

Question 36

transitional epithelial cells function

Answer 36

function: distension and recoil

Question 37

transitional epithelial cells location

Answer 37

urinary bladder, ureters, parts of urethra