lecture 1 [introduction to anatomy]

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

the study of biological structures (structure can suggest function)

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

the study of the function of biological structures

Question 3

define gross anatomy

Answer 3

the structure and relationship of large body parts that are visible to the unaided (or naked) eye

Question 4

what is comparative anatomy

Answer 4

similarities and differences in the anatomy of DIFFERENT species [ie cat versus human]

Question 5

what is developmental anatomy

Answer 5

changes in the biological structures of individuals form conception through maturity [ie conception into adulthood]

Question 6

what is embryology

Answer 6

studies the developmental changes from conception to birth (ends at birth)

Question 7

what is regional anatomy

Answer 7

refers to all biological/anatomical structures in a specific region

Question 8

example of regional anatomy

Answer 8

the femur; biceps femoris, femoral artery, femoral vein, femur

Question 9

what is surface anatomy

Answer 9

refers to the superficial anatomical markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering

Question 10

example of surface anatomy

Answer 10

antecubital vein located in the antecubital fossa (to know where to draw blood)

Question 11

what is systemic anatomy

Answer 11

refers to the study of the organ SYSTEM

Question 12

example of systemic anatomy

Answer 12

digestive system [oral cavity; pharynx; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine; appendix; colon; anus; liver; pancreas; gall bladder]

Question 13

epithelial tissue

Answer 13

covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

Question 14

connective tissue

Answer 14

protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs, and supplies blood to epithelial tissue

Question 15

muscle tissue

Answer 15

produces movement

Question 16

nervous tissue

Answer 16

conducts impulses for internal communication

Question 17

define organ

Answer 17

a structure containing two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific complex functions

Question 18

define an organ system

Answer 18

a group of related organs that work together to coordinate and achieve common functions

Question 19

coronal view

Answer 19

separates anterior from posterior (think jumping jacks)

Question 20

frontal view

Answer 20

front to back

Question 21

transverse view

Answer 21

top view (think MRI)

Question 22

cross-sectional view

Answer 22

side view

Question 23

midsagital

Answer 23

division exactly on the midline

Question 24

sagital

Answer 24

division NOT on midline

Question 25

anterioir/ventral

Answer 25

front/chest

Question 26

posterior/dorsal

Answer 26

back

Question 27

superior

Answer 27

higher

Question 28

inferior

Answer 28

lower

Question 29

cranial

Answer 29

closer to skull/head

Question 30

caudal

Answer 30

closer to feet

Question 31

medial/deep

Answer 31

closer to midline

Question 32

lateral/superficial

Answer 32

further from midline

Question 33

ipsilateral

Answer 33

same side (nervous system)

Question 34

contralateral

Answer 34

opposite side (nervous system)

Question 35

proximal

Answer 35

closer to the point of attachment to body trunk

Question 36

distal

Answer 36

further from the point of attachment to body trunk

Question 37

posterior aspect

Answer 37

cavities encased by bone [cranial and vertebral cavities]

Question 38

cranial cavity

Answer 38

a posterior aspect, brain enclosed by cranium

Question 39

vertebral cavity

Answer 39

a posterior aspect, spinal cord enclosed in vertebral column

Question 40

define ventral cavity

Answer 40

bodily cavity encased by serous membrane

Question 41

thoracic cavity

Answer 41

superior to diaphragm (includes, mediastium, pericardial, and pleural cavities)

Question 42

mediastium cavity

Answer 42

median space, above the heart and between the lungs

Question 43

pericardial cavity

Answer 43

central, associated with the heart

Question 44

pleural cavity

Answer 44

lateral, associated with the lungs

Question 45

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 45

inferior to diaphragm (consists of the abdominal and pelvic cavities)

Question 46

abdominal cavity

Answer 46

inferior to diaphragm, superior to the pelvic brim (top of ischium)

Question 47

pelvic cavity

Answer 47

inferior to pelvic brim

Question 48

most superficial layer of serous membrane

Answer 48

parietal layer

Question 49

deepest layer of serous membrane (on organs)

Answer 49

visceral layer

Question 50

part of serous membrane that secretes serous fluid

Answer 50

serous cavity

Question 51

purpose of serous fluid

Answer 51

lubricate and reduce friction between moving organs, preventing damage (think of the balloon analogy)

Question 52

components of the pericardial serous membrane

Answer 52

1- parietal pericardium (most superficial) 2- pericardial cavity 3- visceral pericardium (on actual organ)

Question 53

components of pleural serous membrane

Answer 53

1- parietal pleura (most superficial) 2- pleural cavity 3- visceral pleura (on actual organ)

Question 54

components of abdominal serous cavity

Answer 54

1- parietal peritoneum (most superficial) 2- peritoneal cavity 3- visceral peritoneum