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hpnu 3050 > lecture 1 [introduction to anatomy] > Flashcards

lecture 1 [introduction to anatomy] Flashcards

1
Q

define anatomy

A

the study of biological structures (structure can suggest function)

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2
Q

define physiology

A

the study of the function of biological structures

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3
Q

define gross anatomy

A

the structure and relationship of large body parts that are visible to the unaided (or naked) eye

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4
Q

what is comparative anatomy

A

similarities and differences in the anatomy of DIFFERENT species [ie cat versus human]

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5
Q

what is developmental anatomy

A

changes in the biological structures of individuals form conception through maturity [ie conception into adulthood]

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6
Q

what is embryology

A

studies the developmental changes from conception to birth (ends at birth)

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7
Q

what is regional anatomy

A

refers to all biological/anatomical structures in a specific region

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8
Q

example of regional anatomy

A

the femur; biceps femoris, femoral artery, femoral vein, femur

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9
Q

what is surface anatomy

A

refers to the superficial anatomical markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering

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10
Q

example of surface anatomy

A

antecubital vein located in the antecubital fossa (to know where to draw blood)

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11
Q

what is systemic anatomy

A

refers to the study of the organ SYSTEM

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12
Q

example of systemic anatomy

A

digestive system [oral cavity; pharynx; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine; appendix; colon; anus; liver; pancreas; gall bladder]

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13
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs, and supplies blood to epithelial tissue

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15
Q

muscle tissue

A

produces movement

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16
Q

nervous tissue

A

conducts impulses for internal communication

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17
Q

define organ

A

a structure containing two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific complex functions

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18
Q

define an organ system

A

a group of related organs that work together to coordinate and achieve common functions

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19
Q

coronal view

A

separates anterior from posterior (think jumping jacks)

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20
Q

frontal view

A

front to back

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21
Q

transverse view

A

top view (think MRI)

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22
Q

cross-sectional view

A

side view

23
Q

midsagital

A

division exactly on the midline

24
Q

sagital

A

division NOT on midline

25
Q

anterioir/ventral

A

front/chest

26
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

back

27
Q

superior

A

higher

28
Q

inferior

A

lower

29
Q

cranial

A

closer to skull/head

30
Q

caudal

A

closer to feet

31
Q

medial/deep

A

closer to midline

32
Q

lateral/superficial

A

further from midline

33
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side (nervous system)

34
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side (nervous system)

35
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment to body trunk

36
Q

distal

A

further from the point of attachment to body trunk

37
Q

posterior aspect

A

cavities encased by bone [cranial and vertebral cavities]

38
Q

cranial cavity

A

a posterior aspect, brain enclosed by cranium

39
Q

vertebral cavity

A

a posterior aspect, spinal cord enclosed in vertebral column

40
Q

define ventral cavity

A

bodily cavity encased by serous membrane

41
Q

thoracic cavity

A

superior to diaphragm (includes, mediastium, pericardial, and pleural cavities)

42
Q

mediastium cavity

A

median space, above the heart and between the lungs

43
Q

pericardial cavity

A

central, associated with the heart

44
Q

pleural cavity

A

lateral, associated with the lungs

45
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

inferior to diaphragm (consists of the abdominal and pelvic cavities)

46
Q

abdominal cavity

A

inferior to diaphragm, superior to the pelvic brim (top of ischium)

47
Q

pelvic cavity

A

inferior to pelvic brim

48
Q

most superficial layer of serous membrane

A

parietal layer

49
Q

deepest layer of serous membrane (on organs)

A

visceral layer

50
Q

part of serous membrane that secretes serous fluid

A

serous cavity

51
Q

purpose of serous fluid

A

lubricate and reduce friction between moving organs, preventing damage (think of the balloon analogy)

52
Q

components of the pericardial serous membrane

A

1- parietal pericardium (most superficial)
2- pericardial cavity
3- visceral pericardium (on actual organ)

53
Q

components of pleural serous membrane

A

1- parietal pleura (most superficial)
2- pleural cavity
3- visceral pleura (on actual organ)

54
Q

components of abdominal serous cavity

A

1- parietal peritoneum (most superficial)
2- peritoneal cavity
3- visceral peritoneum

hpnu 3050 (5 decks)

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