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202 Theme 1 > Lecture 2 The Skull and Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Lecture 2 The Skull and Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scalp

A

tissues covering the skull superficially

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2
Q

what makes up the scalp

A 
Skin 
Connective tissue (dense)
aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle 
Loose connective tissue 
periosteum of the skull
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3
Q

Which layer of the scalp will contain the majority of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp?

A

dense connective tissue

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4
Q

what happens when the scalp is lacerated

A

bleed profusely

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5
Q

why does the scalp bleed profusely

A

dct unable to retract to original position so bv’s stay open

Aponeurotic layer and loose connective tissue moves

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6
Q

what must happen when suturing the scalp

A

all layers closed in suturing

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7
Q

what is the skull

A

bony casing surrounding the brain

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8
Q

what makes up the skull

A

neurocranium

viscerocranium

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9
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

bones surrounding the brain

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10
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

facial skeleton

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11
Q

how do the skull bones join

A

at sutures

form at 5y/o

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12
Q

what is the skull like before the sutures close

A

cartilaginous structures called fontanelles present

allow brain to move and grow

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13
Q

what makes up the neurocranium

A 
most bones share  names with lobe of brain they cover
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
frontal
ethmoid
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14
Q

what makes up the viscerocranium

A 
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
maxilla
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible
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15
Q

what makes up the viscerocranium

A 
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
maxilla
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible
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16
Q

which bone does not directly suture to the frontal bone

A

mandible

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17
Q

what is the pterion

A

suture point between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
weak point

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18
Q

what runs deep to the pterion

A

middle meningeal artery (MMA)

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19
Q

what may occur in children before the pterion closes

A

hydrocephalus
due to cartilage so can move to increase space and reduce pressure
In adult intercranial pressure will affect brain, deficits and death as pressure cannot be relieved

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20
Q

what is an aneurysm and haemorrhage

A

Aneurysm is weakness in blood vessel wall
Haemorrhage is the rupture of aneurysm
Pressure causes brain to shift due to compromised vasculature

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21
Q

what is a foramina

A

small hole

sites of exit (eg veins and cranial nerves) and entry (arteries)

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22
Q

what is cranial nerve I

A

olfactory

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23
Q

what is cranial nerve II

A

Optic

24
Q

what is cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor (move eye)

25
Q

what is cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear (muscle)

26
Q

what is cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal (portions of the face)
V1 ophthalmic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular

27
Q

what is cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens (abduct eye)

28
Q

what is cranial nerve VII

A

facial

29
Q

what is cranial nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear (inner ear)

30
Q

what is cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal (tongue)

31
Q

what is cranial nerve X

A

Vagus (everything)

32
Q

what is cranial nerve XI

A

accessory (shrug shoulders)

33
Q

what is cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal (tongue)

34
Q

what runs through the cribriform plate

A

Foramina

CN1

35
Q

What runs through the optic canal

A

foramina

CN2, ophthalmic artery

36
Q

what runs through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN3,4,6,5(V1)

37
Q

What runs through the rotundum

A

CN5 V2

38
Q

What runs through the ovale

A

CN5 V3, AMMA

39
Q

What runs through the spinosum

A

MMA

40
Q

What runs through the lacerum

A

carotid artery runs over the top

41
Q

what runs through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN7 and 8

42
Q

what runs through the jugular foramen

A

CN9,10,11,IJV

43
Q

What runs through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN12

44
Q

What runs through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN12

45
Q

What runs through the magnum

A

spinal cord

46
Q

what are the cranial foramen

A

cribriform plate, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, rotundum, ovale, spinosum, lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, magnum

47
Q

what are therein arteries that supply the brain

A

internal courted artery and vertebral artery (L and R)

48
Q

what do the main arteries supplying the brain do

A

the branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle

aka circle of willis

49
Q

what do the vertebral arteries do

A

enter at foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery

50
Q

Where is the common carotid found

A

deep to sternocleidomastoid
useful pulsation point
internal supplies brain
external carotid supplies face

51
Q

what forms the cerebral arterial circle

A

anastomosis between 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
allow for collateral circulation

52
Q

what does the cerebral arterial circle give rise to

A

anterior
middle
posterior
-cerebral arteries

53
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery do

A

supplies medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole

54
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery do

A

supplies the lateral surfaces and temporal pole

55
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery do

A

supplies the inferior surfaces and occipital pole

56
Q

what causes strokes

A

embolism in cerebral artery as no anastomoses of cerebral arteries once in brain so no way to avoid ischaemia leading to neuro deficit

57
Q

what is a mnemonic to remember the cranial nerves

A

Oh Oh Oh to touch and feel a girls vagina, so hot

202 Theme 1 (6 decks)

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