lecture 2 - the role of attachment

Question 1

what did Schaffer say in 1993?

Answer 1

A close emotional relationship between two persons, characterised by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity.

Question 2

name 3 behaviours identified by maccoby in 1980

Answer 2

proximity - infant stays close
separation distress - protests baby cries carer anxious
secure-base behaviour- returns to carer lots

Question 3

positive evaluation of maccoby

Answer 3

Traits that increase the chances of survival and therefore reproduction, are naturally selected. baby survives, attachment traits produced on, they are adaptive.

Question 4

what did Harlow do ?

Answer 4

had a baby monkey and placed it near a cloth mother and a wire mother (who had food), baby choose comfort over food.

Question 5

Bowlby’s attachment theory

Answer 5

• Attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of it’s survival value and reproductive value
• innate drive to attach to parents
• innate drive to attach to parents = imprinting

Question 6

-what is innate?

Answer 6

things that we are born with, a product of genetic factors

Question 7

whats Bowlbys evolutionary theory?

Answer 7

innate form attachment
adaptive advantage so survive
said theres a critical period

Question 8

what is adaptive?

Answer 8

• attachment are adaptive
• more likely to survive
• close so safe

Question 9

what are social releasers?

Answer 9

• physical - features and baby proportions

- behavioural - crying and cooing

Question 10

what is the critical period ?

Answer 10

attachment must form before 2.5 years, child suffer if attachment is broken, maternal deprivation

Question 11

what long term consequences happens if attachment is not formed in the critical period?

Answer 11

delinquency,

reduced intelligence, increased aggression, depression,

Question 12

what is monotropy?

Answer 12

Childs form 1 attachment with their mother
intense attachment
if no mother can be a mother substitute.

Question 13

what is internal working model?

Answer 13

Through the monotropic
attachment, the infant
would form an Internal
working model.
This is a special mental 
schema for relationships.

Question 14

what was the name of Aisnworths study ?

Answer 14

The strange situation

Question 15

what were the type of attachments?

Answer 15

secure attachment (60-75)
resistant insecure attachment(3)
avoiding insecure attachment (20-25)

Question 16

what are the stages in the Ainsworth experiment?

Answer 16

(1) Mother, baby, and experimenter (lasts less than one minute).
(2) Mother and baby alone.
(3) A stranger joins the mother and infant.
(4) Mother leaves baby and stranger alone.
(5) Mother returns and stranger leaves.
(6) Mother leaves; infant left completely alone.
(7) Stranger returns.
(8) Mother returns and stranger leaves.

Question 17

what is secure attachment?

Answer 17

when the mum is there child explore freely, engage with strangers, upset when leave, happy when back. don’t engage with stranger when mother gone.

Question 18

what is resistant attachment?

Answer 18

anxious, when mum is there. distressed when mum leaves, mum returns child wants to be close but is resentful, baby may hit or push.

Question 19

what is avoidant insecure attachment?

Answer 19

ignores care giver, little emotion on depart or return, child doesn’t cling, child won’t explore much, strangers not treated much differently, not much emotional range.