Lecture 2 (Test 2) Flashcards
What is the pressure in the thorax?
-4 mmHg or -5cmH2O
What happens when half the diaphragm is paralyzed?
The lung on the paralyzed side may sink, while the other lung may rise
Which lung is larger, the right or left lung?
Right lung
What are the two types of pleura surrounding the lungs?
- Visceral pleura
- Parietal pleura
What is the function of pleura?
Allows tissues to slide around easily inside the chest
What is eupnea?
Normal breathing
Define dyspnea.
Respiratory distress
What does apnea refer to?
Not breathing
What is the term for abnormal sounds coming from the lungs?
Stridor
What is bradypnea?
Slow breathing
What is tachypnea?
Rapid breathing
Define orthopnea.
Change in breathing when changing body position
What is hyperventilation?
Ventilation well in excess of metabolic demands
What is hypoventilation?
Insufficient ventilation for metabolic demands
What does hypercapnia refer to?
Excessive CO2 in blood
What is hypocapnia?
Lower than normal CO2 in blood
What is the definition of cyanosis?
Presence of deoxyhemoglobin, leading to a blue appearance
What is the threshold for cyanosis in blood?
5 g or greater deoxyhemoglobin per deciliter of blood
What is atelectasis?
Collapsed portion or region of a lung
What is the diameter of a typical adult trachea?
About 2 cm
What are bronchioles primarily responsible for?
Conducting air, with no real gas exchange
What is the main muscle of ventilation?
Diaphragm
What does the term ‘accessory muscles’ refer to in respiration?
Additional muscles involved in ventilation when needed
What are the two main openings in the diaphragm?
- Inferior vena cava
- Esophagus