Lecture 1 - Jan 16 Flashcards
What is clearance by the kidney?
The volume of plasma that’s cleared of a substance per unit of time.
What does kidney filtration (GFR) reflect?
The filtration capacity of the kidney.
What is free water clearance?
The volume of water that’s being removed from the body per unit time.
What happens to free water clearance when ADH levels are high?
Free water clearance is probably low because we’re conserving volume.
What is the normal blood pressure value for systolic pressure?
120 mmHg.
What is the normal blood pressure value for diastolic pressure?
80 mmHg.
What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
MAP = DBP + 1/3 (SBP – DBP).
What should the MAP be for a blood pressure of 120/80?
93 mmHg.
What happens to blood pressure as it moves further from the heart?
Blood pressure drops.
Where is the highest resistance in the circulatory system found?
In the arterioles.
What is the capillary blood pressure on the arterial end?
30 mmHg.
What is the capillary blood pressure at the venular end?
10 mmHg.
What is the normal blood pressure at the right atrium?
0 mmHg.
What is the normal pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)?
16 mmHg.
What is pulse pressure?
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.
What is the pulse pressure in the aorta?
Around 40 mmHg.
What causes widening of pulse pressure in large arteries?
Stiffer walls that do not accommodate volume easily.
What happens to pulse pressure with increased stroke volume?
Pulse pressure increases.
What is compliance in the context of the cardiovascular system?
Change in volume over change in pressure (ΔV/ΔP).
What characteristics make arterioles high resistance vessels?
- Narrow opening * Thick walls.
What are the properties of veins?
- More stretchy * Wider internal diameter * More compliant.
What pressure range is expected in the left ventricle during filling?
Low pressure.
What is the pressure in the right ventricle during peak systole?
Approximately 25 mmHg.
In the pulmonary circuit, what is the reason for lower pressures?
Low vascular resistance.