lecture 2. State formation Flashcards
What is a sovereign state?
**Westphalian sovereignty
External sovereignty: ** no authority above the state - de jure
Internal sovereignty: exclusive authority on territory and population- de facto
Montevideo convention on Rights and Duties 1933:
The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications:
- a permanent population
- a defined territory
- Government, and capacity to enter into relations with the other state
..WEBER :Modern state formation is about power and legitimacy
Politics: distribution, maintenance, or transfer of power.
Authority: legitimate power, power without coercion.
Weber: Different definitions of Authority
Traditional authority: the eternal yesterday
* it has always been there, for example monarchies.
Charismatic authority: the personal ‘’gift of grace’’.
* Qualities located in the individual, he/she can lead, people follow.
in Afghanistan: Warlords, if they go it is very hard to institutionalize their power.
**Legal/ rational authority: **the virtue of legality (ruler)
–> Weberian state.
This was in Afghanistan the goal between 2000-2021.
Robert Dahls definition of power
Having the ability to make someone do something, they would not have done it/ influencing others.
–> Authority is the legitimation of power
Modern state formation is about violence
The state cannot be defined in terms of its end.
The state can only be defined in terms of its specific means: the use of physical force.
If no social institutions existed which knew the use of violence: Anarchy (Hobbes, Leviathan)
Force is not the normal or only means of the state (Machiavelli, The Prince)
Weber:
modern state formation is about violence
What is a state:
The state is a human community that (succesfully) claims the monopoly of the **legitimate use of physical force** within a given territory. ‘’
Weber:
modern state formation is about: monopolizing resources
How do power holders maintain their domination?
- Control the personal executive staff
- Control the material means of administration
- End of indirect rule:
- Lords, warlords, any actor in civil society that holds authority
- Expropriate the expropriators: state/ society struggle (Migdal)
- Society: societal actors like warlords, religious leaders –> need to neutralized.
Weber:
modern state formation is about: bureaucratization
- Establish a bureaucracy (Weberian state)
*. professional politicians who do not wish to be lord themselves bu tenter the service of political lords. - Can the bureaucratic state be exported? Can the Western experience be reproduced
- Can warlords be bureaucrats? (Mukhopadhyay)
War making and state building as Organized Crime: Charles Tilly
Modern State formation is about warmaking, protection, and extraction
Statemaking
Warmaking
Protection
Extraction
=Tilly sees this s a historical process; within European Statemaking
Charles Tilly: Statemaking
Eliminating or neutralizing their rivals inside their territories
Charles Tilly: Warmaking
Eliminating or neutralizing their rivals outside their teritories
Weber: Expropriate the expropriators: state/ society struggle (Migdal)
Charles Tilly: Protection
Eliminating or neutralizing the enemies of their clients
Charles Tilly: Extraction
Acquiring the means of carrying out the first 3 activities
Warmaking is about protection and extraction… Hence state making
- Power holders go to war
- War makers need resources
* short run: conquest, selling off assets, coercing or dispossessing accumulators of capital
* Long run: tax the population (extraction) promote capital accumulation by those who can help them borrow and buy protection - War makers end up building states
> War making, extraction, and capital accumulation interacted to shape European state making.
> Capitalism and state making reinforce each other.
