Lecture 2 - Preschool 3-6 years Flashcards
How would you describe the behavior of preschoolers? How old are they?
3-6 years old.
Becoming more independent and courageous through confronting and mastering new challenges.
How do preschoolers grow from ages 3-6 years? How many teeth do they have? How much do they sleep?
Gain about 4-5 lbs a year and grow about 2-3 inches a year.
Have all 20 primary 20 teeth by three and sleep about 11-13 hours a day (usually without naps but this can include rest periods).
Describe the growth motor development of 3 year olds?
Can use large groups of muscles to sit, stand, walk, run.
Can pedal a tricycle, walk up and down stairs one food on each stair, and self dress with supervision.
Describe the puzzles and block towers that can be completed by a 3 year old?
Puzzle with 3-4 pieces.
Block tower with 6 blocks.
What fine motor skills does a three year old have?
Can draw circle, a person with three parts, begin to use a blunt nosed scissors, and turn the page of a normal book.
What are some cognitive abilities of a three year old child?
Understands the meaning of two (may be able to count higher but actually understands what the number 2 means)
Makes believe with doll and animals
Describe the language of a three year old?
Pronouns and prepositions used appropriately.
Understands “in”, “on”, and “under”.
Can say their name, age, and sex.
Can understand them most of the time.
Describe the social abilities of a three year old?
Copies adults, takes turns in games, shows emotions, separates from mom and dad easily, and gets upset with major changes in routine.
What are the gross motor abilities of a four year old?
Can steer tricycle, hop on one foot for 2 sec, balance on one foot for 5 sec, and can put clothes on properly.
Can eat neatly.
At what age should a child have 20/20 vision?
By age four.
What are some fine motor skills that a four year old should have?
Can draw intersecting lines (plus sign), a person with 2-4 body parts, can cut in a straight line with scissors, and can copy some capital letters.
What cognitive abilities should a four year old have?
Count to four, name four colors, understand size relationships, and can do simple board games.
What is the language of a four year old like?
Usually uses ‘he’ and ‘she’ correctly.
Follows a three step command.
Enjoys rhythms, can sing simple songs.
What are some social abilities of a four year old?
Prefers playing with other children, creative with make believe play, begins peer games with rules.
Cannot always tell make believe from reality.
Likes to play with mom and dad (primary care taker).
What are some gross motor skills that a five year old should have?
Heel to toe walking, stand on one foot for 10+ sec, hops, uses fork and spoon well.
Can use toilet on own (may not be able to wipe).
What are some fine motor skills that a five year old should have?
Drawing a triangle, a person with 6 part, spreading with a knife, and can print some capital letters and numbers.
What are some cognitive abilities that a five year old should display?
Early concepts of time (future vs present)
Count to ten, knows phone #
Knows first and last name and address
Can respond to “why?” questions.
Can tell what’s real and make believe
What are language abilities that a five year old should display?
Speaks clearly, tells a simple story, uses future tense.
What are some social characteristics often displayed by five year olds?
Walk to please and be like friends.
More likely to agree with rules.
Shows concern and sympathy towards others.
Aware of gender.
What is the basis of Erik Erickson’s Psychosocial theory?
That each stage has a crisis that has to be worked out and a virtue that is obtained in working on this crisis.
Achievement of working on crisis allows progression; failure results in continued problems.
According to Erik Erickson, what psychosocial crisis are preschoolers (3-6 yo) faced with? What relationship is significant in this period? What virtue do they develop?
Initiative vs. guilt
Family relationship important because parents letting their child make mistakes allows them to learn and develop the virtue of purpose.
According to Erik Erickson, what existential question is faced by children in their preschool years (ages 3-6)?
Is it okay for me to do, move, act, and be who I am?
How can a child fail during the initiative vs. guilt stage described by erikson?
If a parent hovers and controls everything they do, the child will develop guilt for trying to explore and learn.
This will become an issue and could cause the child to become increasingly hesitant.
How did Piaget describe development?
He said that children’s growth is based on their cognitive ability to understand themselves and the world.
