Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FHB Block 1 > Lecture 1 - Infancy to Birth > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Infancy to Birth Flashcards

1
Q

Define prematurity for infants? How many weeks is considered “
very” immature?

A

Premature = <37 weeks

“very” premature = <32 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some maternal issues that can occur with childbirth?

A

“blues” last up to 2 weeks (33-50%), depression (5-10%), postpartum onset, psychosis (0.1-0.2%).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an APGAR score determined by?

A

Appearance (color), pulse, grimace (reflex irritability), activity (muscle tone), and respirations (breathing regularity).

Score is between 0 (worst) and 10 (best). <4 is imminent survival threat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some feeding, survival, motor development and social development skills newborns should have?

A

Feeding: crying, sucking, rooting

Survival: Moro, grasp, head control.

Motor: tracking (persists through development and contributes to cognitive development).

Personal-social: bonding, skin to skin contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much sleep should newborns be getting? What about by six months of age?

A

Up to 16 hours but irregularly.

By 6 months, 70% sleep through the night (~ 6hrs) with prolonged naps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 9 characteristics that Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess list as being indications of temperament?

A

Activity level, persistence, distractibility, initial reaction, adaptability, mood, intensity, sensitivity, and regularity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is “goodness of fit”?

A

How well the parents attitude and personality fits the needs of the infant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What what age does stranger anxiety typically begin? What about separation anxiety?

A

Stranger anxiety: 7-11 months

Separation anxiety: ~9-15 months, occurs as object permanence develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what age will the baby smile socially? What is the importance of this?

A

~6-8 weeks

These are the foundation for all future relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did the Harlow Monkey experiment indicate the importance of?

A

Caregiver warmth, love, acceptance, and affection.

Monkeys with wire mothers became negligent, aggressive, abusive and displayed strange behavior later in life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the “Strange Situation” Assessment developed by Mary Ainsworth used for?

A

How a child responds to being left alone and reunified with a caregiver.

8 episodes used to assess child’s attachment levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the behavior of a child with secure attachment?

A
  1. Able to separate from parents
  2. Seeks comfort from parent
  3. Return of parent met positively
  4. Prefers parent to stranger.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the behavior of an adult with secure attachment?

A

Has trusting, lasting relationships

Trend towards good self-esteem

Comfortable sharing feelings and seeks out social support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s Theory of Intelligence?

A

Adaption to one’s environment.

Cognition moves us past action into symbolic thought.

We organize things into schema and accommodate when things don’t fit into existing schema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of a child assimilating based on Piaget’s Theory?

A

Calling any small furry animal a cat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the sensorimotor period of cognitive development and what primarily occurs in the first three stages?

A

Birth to 2 years.

0-1 mo: exercising reflexes

1-4 mo: primary circular reactions

4-8mo: secondary circular reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are primary circular reactions and what purpose do they serve? When do they occur during development?

A

1-4 months of age

Activities with own body repeated.

Allows infant to learn how to use their own body by repeating things over and over.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are secondary circular reactions and what purpose do they serve? When do they occur during development?

A

4-8 months of age.

Actions to make interests persist, involve events or objects.

Helps them learn how to respond to their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the last three stages of the sensorimotor period of cognitive development?

A

8-12 mo: coordination of secondary schemes

12-18 mo: tertiary circular reactions- trial and error, goal seeking for novel results.

18-24 mo: intention of new means through mental combination - representational though begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When is the pre-operational period of cognitive development and what occurs during this time?

A

2-7 years of age.

Acquire language and symbolic functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the importance of play?

A

Promotes understanding and symbolic thought.

Builds relational understanding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are problem solving skills that should be seen around 6 months, 9 months, and 2 years of age?

A

6 mo: retrieve partially hidden object

9 mo: search for item totally hidden

2 yr: find a toy displaced from original hiding place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

As part of information processing, infants should seek _____ _____.

A

Novel experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lack of what is a good indication that a child will have a lower IQ around age 8?

A

If the child does not get bored after looking at something for a long time.

They should get habituated with something and then seek a new novel experience.

25
Q

At what age does object permanence occur?

A

~9-12 months

26
Q

What receptive communication does a child have at birth?

A

Responds to a voice and discriminate sounds

Localize sound over first 6 months and recognize phonetic differences

27
Q

What speech patterns are developed by the first year of age?

A

Rhythyms of native language and discrimination of patterns of sound

28
Q

Describe word comprehension by 9 months and 1 year?

A

9 months: resonds to words and short phrases

1 yr: 50 words

29
Q

At what age does cooing and babbling take place? What about chains of sounds and different syllables?

A

Cooing: 2 mo
Babbling: 3-6 mo
Chains of sounds: 7-8 mo
Syllables: 10 mo

30
Q

Around what age should a child speak their first word? What about 2 words combos? Simple sentences?

A

First word by 1 year of age.

At 50-100 words they will make 2 word comboes (usually age 2)

3 yrs old will make simple sentences.

31
Q

Speaking follows comprehsnion by about ____?

A

1 month.

32
Q

At what age should non-verbal communication begin?

A

1 year

33
Q

At what age should a child know names of body parts? Begin counting? Cleaning up?Know opposites?

A

Body parts: 1 yr and 9 months

Counting: 2.5 years

Cleaning up: 3 yrs

Opposites: 3 years and 2 months

34
Q

Describe the milestones of gross and fine motor movements?

A

Control of eye movements/tracking

Reaching and grasping: begins as gross motor: whole hand at 3-4 months, transfer hands by 5-6 months, voluntary release by 6 months, pincer by 1 year.

35
Q

When does rolling, sitting, and drawing usually occur during development?

A

Rolling - 5 mo
Sitting- at least 6 mo
Drawing- 1 yr and 10 months

36
Q

At what age will children typically cruise furniture, crawl, take their first steps, and tricycle?

A

Cruise: 7.5-12 months
Crawl: 8 months
First steps: 1 yr
Tricycle: 3 years

37
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 3 months of age?

A

Growing self-regulation and interest in the world.

Can be comforted and direct attention.

38
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 5 months of age?

A

Engage in relationships.

Display positive emotions, engagement, satisfaction towards others.

39
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 9 months of age?

A

Use emotions in interactive, purposeful manner.

Communicate with others using motor acts.

40
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 14 months of age?

A

Use a series of interactive emotional signals or gestures to communicate.

Example: frowning

41
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 18 months of age?

A

Use signals to solve problems

42
Q

How should a parent know if their child is ready for potty training?

A

If the child can follow multistep commands and can communicate with them.

43
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 24 months of age?

A

Use symbols or ideas to convey feelings

Pretend play and conveying their emotions,

44
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 30 months of age?

A

Use symbols or ideas to express more than basic needs.

45
Q

What are social and emotional milestones at 42 months of age?

A

Create logical bridges between emotions and ideas.

Pretend play.

46
Q

At what age do children develop empathy?

A

~ 3 years of age.

47
Q

According to Erikson, from infancy to 1-2 years, infants are working on ____ vs _____.

A

Trust vs. Mistrust.

This leads to virtue of hope. This is done through parental nurturing through feeding.

Leads to feelings of security even when threatened. Failure leads to lack of confidence in world and own abilities.

48
Q

According to Erikson, at age 18 months - 2 years, toddlers are working on ____ vs _____.

A

Autonomy vs. Shame.

Leads to the virtue of will and ability to do things independently. Self control (of bodily functions) and control over environment.

Failure leads to sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.

49
Q

What motor functions should a child have from at 0-12 months of age?

A

P’s:
1. Primitive reflexes disappear: moro by 3mo, rooting by 4 mo, palmer by 6 mo, babinski by 12 mo.

  1. Posture: lifts head up prone by 1 mo, rolls and sits by 6 mo, crawls by 8 mo, stands by 10 mo, walks by 12-18 mo.
  2. Points to objects by 12 mo.
50
Q

What social things should be seen in children ages 0-12 months?

A

S’s:

  1. Social smile by 2 mo
  2. Stranger anxiety by 6 mo
  3. Separation anxiety by 9 mo
51
Q

What verbal cognitive functions should be seen in children 0-12 months?

A

O’s:

  1. Orients - to voice by 4 mo and name by 9 mo
  2. Object permanence by 9 mo
  3. Oratory - says mama and dada by 10 months
52
Q

What motor skills should a child 12-36 months be able to do?

A

C’s:

  1. Cruise by 12 mo
  2. Climb stairs by 18 mo
  3. Cube stack
  4. Cutlery feeding by 20 mo
  5. Kicks ball by 24 mo
53
Q

What social skills should a child have by 12-26 months?

A

R’s:

  1. Recreation: parallel play by 24 mo
  2. Rapprochment: moves away from and returns to mom by 24 mo
54
Q

What verbal/cognitive skills should a child have by age 12-36 months?

A

200 workds by age 2.

2 word sentences.

55
Q

What motor skills should a child have by ages 3-5 yrs?

A

D’s:

  1. Drive tricycle by age 3
  2. Drawing by copying lines by age 4
  3. Dexterity: hops on one foot by 4 yrs, zippers by 5 yrs
56
Q

What social skills should a child have by age 3-5 years?

A

Comfortably spends part of day away from mom by age 3.

Cooperative play, has imaginary friends by age 4.

57
Q

What verbal/cognitive skills should a child have by ages 3-5?

A

1000 words by age 3.

Uses complete sentences and prepositions by age 4.

Can tell detailed stories by age 4.

58
Q

What two phases did Margaret Mahler describe? explain each.

A

The need to see the mother as an extension of self in the “symbiotic phase”.

Then developing internal resources and autonomy for later object relations “separation individuation”

FHB Block 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions