Lecture 2: Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what does the endoderm form

A

majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

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2
Q

what does the mesoderm form

A

muscular layers

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3
Q

what does the ectoderm form

A

epithelium at extremities of tract, so cranial and caudal

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4
Q

at 4 weeks, which membranes are the cranial and caudal ends closed by

A
  • bucco-pharyngeal

- cloacal

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5
Q

what makes up the foregut

A
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • proximal half duodenum
  • liver
  • pancreas
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6
Q

what makes up the midgut

A
  • distal half duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • 3/4 of transverse colon
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7
Q

what makes up the hindgut

A
  • 1/4 of transverse colon
  • descending and sigmoid colon
  • rectum
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8
Q

what is the primitive colon held in place with

A

mesenteries, which anchor the digestive tract to the posterior abdominal cavity

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9
Q

what are the possible ways and symptoms of anomaly of gut rotation

A
could be:
- duodenum constriction
- midgut volvulus, leading to ischaemia which leads to necrosis or possibly death
symptoms:
- vomiting
- pain
- abdominal distension
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10
Q

what does the dorsal mesentery give rise to

A
  • gastrosplenic ligament
  • lienorenal ligament
  • greater omentum
  • mesentery of small and large intestine
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11
Q

what does the ventral mesentery give rise to

A

at foregut region only:

  • ligaments around liver
  • falciform ligament
  • lesser omentum
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12
Q

what does the inguinal ligament run between

A
  • ASIS : anterior superior ileac spine

- and pubic tubercle

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13
Q

where do the external obliques run from and to

A
run anteroinferiorly
from outer surface of lower 8 ribs
to:
- linea alba
- iliac crest
- pubic tubercle
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14
Q

where do the internal obliques run from and to

A
run anterosuperiorly
from: 
- lateral third of inguinal ligament
- anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
to:
- linea alba
- costal margin
- crest of pubic bone
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15
Q

where do the transversus abdominis run from and to

A
from:
- lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
- internal surface of lower 6 ribs
to:
- linea alba
- crest of pubic bone
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16
Q

where do the rectus abdominis run from and to

A

from:
- pubic symphysis and crest
to:
- xyphoid process
- 5th to 7th costal cartilages

17
Q

what is the blood supply to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A
arteries:
- superior and inferior epigastric
- intercostal
- circumflex iliac
veins:
- thoracoepigastric
18
Q

what is the innervation of the muscles of the anterior abdomen

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves

- thoracic and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis

19
Q

what is the function of the external obliques

A

work with internal obliques for torsional movement of trunk

20
Q

what is the function of the internal obliques

A
  • flex and rotate trunk

- compress viscera

21
Q

what is the function of the transversus abdominus

A

compress and support viscera

22
Q

what is the function of the rectus abdominus

A
  • flexes trunk

- compress viscera

23
Q

what allows communication between the greater and lesser sacs

A

epiploic foramen

24
Q

what does the inguinal canal serve as a passageway for

A
  • spermatic cord to scrotum in males
  • round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in females
  • genital nerve and other blood and lymphatic vessels in both sexes
25
what is the inguinal canal limited by
superficial and deep inguinal rings
26
what does the spermatic cord consist of
- vas deferens - gonadal vessels - nerves - lymphatics - cremaster muscle
27
what are the coverings of the spermatic cord as it passes through the abdominal wall
- innermost: internal spermatic fascia formed by the transversalis fascia - middle: cremasteric fascia formed by internal oblique muscle - external: external spermatic fascia formed by external oblique muscle