Lecture 2: Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards
what does the endoderm form
majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract
what does the mesoderm form
muscular layers
what does the ectoderm form
epithelium at extremities of tract, so cranial and caudal
at 4 weeks, which membranes are the cranial and caudal ends closed by
- bucco-pharyngeal
- cloacal
what makes up the foregut
- oesophagus
- stomach
- proximal half duodenum
- liver
- pancreas
what makes up the midgut
- distal half duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- cecum
- ascending colon
- 3/4 of transverse colon
what makes up the hindgut
- 1/4 of transverse colon
- descending and sigmoid colon
- rectum
what is the primitive colon held in place with
mesenteries, which anchor the digestive tract to the posterior abdominal cavity
what are the possible ways and symptoms of anomaly of gut rotation
could be: - duodenum constriction - midgut volvulus, leading to ischaemia which leads to necrosis or possibly death symptoms: - vomiting - pain - abdominal distension
what does the dorsal mesentery give rise to
- gastrosplenic ligament
- lienorenal ligament
- greater omentum
- mesentery of small and large intestine
what does the ventral mesentery give rise to
at foregut region only:
- ligaments around liver
- falciform ligament
- lesser omentum
what does the inguinal ligament run between
- ASIS : anterior superior ileac spine
- and pubic tubercle
where do the external obliques run from and to
run anteroinferiorly from outer surface of lower 8 ribs to: - linea alba - iliac crest - pubic tubercle
where do the internal obliques run from and to
run anterosuperiorly from: - lateral third of inguinal ligament - anterior 2/3 of iliac crest to: - linea alba - costal margin - crest of pubic bone
where do the transversus abdominis run from and to
from: - lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament - internal surface of lower 6 ribs to: - linea alba - crest of pubic bone
where do the rectus abdominis run from and to
from:
- pubic symphysis and crest
to:
- xyphoid process
- 5th to 7th costal cartilages
what is the blood supply to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
arteries: - superior and inferior epigastric - intercostal - circumflex iliac veins: - thoracoepigastric
what is the innervation of the muscles of the anterior abdomen
- thoracoabdominal nerves
- thoracic and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis
what is the function of the external obliques
work with internal obliques for torsional movement of trunk
what is the function of the internal obliques
- flex and rotate trunk
- compress viscera
what is the function of the transversus abdominus
compress and support viscera
what is the function of the rectus abdominus
- flexes trunk
- compress viscera
what allows communication between the greater and lesser sacs
epiploic foramen
what does the inguinal canal serve as a passageway for
- spermatic cord to scrotum in males
- round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in females
- genital nerve and other blood and lymphatic vessels in both sexes
what is the inguinal canal limited by
superficial and deep inguinal rings
what does the spermatic cord consist of
- vas deferens
- gonadal vessels
- nerves
- lymphatics
- cremaster muscle
what are the coverings of the spermatic cord as it passes through the abdominal wall
- innermost: internal spermatic fascia formed by the transversalis fascia
- middle: cremasteric fascia formed by internal oblique muscle
- external: external spermatic fascia formed by external oblique muscle
