Lecture 2-Pelligrino

Question 1

What are the 3 origins/moral loci of the physician obligation?

Answer 1

• fact of illness
• act of profession
• act of medicine

Question 2

The critical component when using virtue theory is _______.

Answer 2

the physicians character

Question 3

When does the patient become such?

Answer 3

• when he/she defines themself as such

Question 4

Describe the existential state of the patient.

Answer 4

• when a patient discovers that they have a medical issue and all of their subsequent actions are dictated based on that discovery even if the illness is trivial. Thus, the knowledge has changed their existential state (how they exist)

Question 5

When does your profession begin?

Answer 5

when the person comes into your office and you ask can I help you?

Question 6

What is the source of ALL obligations of medical ethics?

Answer 6

• state of the illness

- transformation of who/what they are

Question 7

What are the 3 implications with asking Can I help you?

Answer 7

• Implying that you have the knowledge to help them (I am competent)
• Implying that you will act in their best interest as opposed to the hospitals, groups, etc. (I will act in your interests)
• I am worthy of your trust

Question 8

At what point will you move from the promise of the profession to the actual act of it?

Answer 8

• when the person may start to get nervous or have questions about the technical aspects of their procedure

Question 9

Why is it a moral problem when you cant respond to the concerns of a patient?

Answer 9

• because any moral human being would want this if they were in a state of dependence.

Question 10

What are the 4 facets that a physician must pay attention to to ensure the good of the patient?

Answer 10

• Biomedical: most basic
• Personal
• Human: qualities not labeled as illness but affect the illness
• Spiritual

Question 11

What is the “end” for the physician?

Answer 11

• the biomedical good integrated with the personal wishes of the patient, maintaining human dignity and their spiritual goods.

Question 12

Name the moral theory that is derived from this moral thing: moral agent

Answer 12

Virtue ethics

Question 13

Virtuous person

Answer 13

one who possesses the virtue and interprets an ethical theory in terms of the good to be achieved

Question 14

Name the moral theory that is derived from this moral thing: act itself

Answer 14

Deontology (the act itself has to be correct and honest)

Question 15

Name the moral theory that is derived from this moral thing: circumstances

Answer 15

Situationism

Question 16

Name the moral theory that is derived from this moral thing: outcome

Answer 16

Consequentialism (maximizing the benefits of the greater good, pleasure vs. pain)

Question 17

What is the most important thing!?!?

Answer 17

the character of the physician

Question 18

Virtue (noun)

Answer 18

a character trait that disposes someone to act morally to achieve a certain end (telos)

Question 19

Character

Answer 19

determines how we apply the theory and why

Question 20

What are the cardinal virtues?

Answer 20

• Wisdom
• Fortitude
• Temperence
• Justice

Question 21

Principle guiding intellectual virtues:

Answer 21

telos is truth

Question 22

principles guiding spiritual virtues:

Answer 22

salvation, knowledge of G-d

Question 23

principle guiding moral virtues:

Answer 23

telos is good

Question 24

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 24

Theological virtues, followed Aristotle; used spiritual sources for right and wrong
- added the natural virtues to the theological virtues: hope, faith, charity

Question 25

professional virtues

Answer 25

• those related to the end or purpose of the profession

- in medicine: the good of the patient

Question 26

Eliot Freidson

Answer 26

Professionals have to have an ethical definition as a social and moral definition

Question 27

How did Aristotle classify intellectual virtues of medicine?

Answer 27

doing the job well and understanding it, otherwise you’re not a helpful part of the picture but a deleterious one
- PRUDENCE, science, art, wisdom

Question 28

How did Aristotle classify moral virtues of medicine? (just be familiar with these)

Answer 28

• fidelity to the promise
• fidelity to trust
• benevolence
• honesty
• humility
• effacement of self-interest
• courage

Question 29

Can virtue be taught?

Answer 29

• Plato: no

- Aristotle (and Pelligrino): yes, by emulation of a role model which instills enormous responsibilities on the teacher

Question 30

Virtue ethics must be combined with ______ to assure a technically correct and morally good decision for the patient

Answer 30

competence

Question 31

Profession

Answer 31

public commitment, act of declaring aloud–How can I help you?
- every patient seen is an act of commitment

Question 32

Professional

Answer 32

• belonging to a group of people that share a common body of knowledge, technical skills and are committed to doing it well
• Eliot Freidson

Question 33

Proletarian

Answer 33

When another body in society decides how you should use your medical knowledge and thus takes responsibility away from you

Question 34

What is the basis of virtue ethics?

Answer 34

• character