Lecture 1: September 26

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

study and application of moral principles and codes of conduct. Includes professional relationships, dress code, fees, advertising, professional integrity (ethics and etiquette)

Question 2

Bioethics

Answer 2

moral decision making in the care and treatment of patients

Question 3

Being a professional implies what 4 things?

Answer 3

• special knowledge
• application
• service
• code of conduct

Question 4

Nature of a professional relationship involves what 5 things?

Answer 4

• applied science
• legal contract
• business transaction
• societal/institutional agent
• covenant: beneficence in trust

Question 5

How has physician responsibility changed? (old vs. new)

Answer 5

Old: individual patient
New: Patient + enrolled population of patients

Question 6

How has who is responsible for the care of the patient changed? (old vs. new)

Answer 6

Old: individual clinical responsibility of the physician for the patient
New: team/group + patient. There is new dialogue among the physicians and health care teams and patients

Question 7

How has what credibility and trust is based on changed? (old vs. new)

Answer 7

Old: professional mystique and prestige
New: data, documented evidence or effective treatment

Question 8

How have determinants of performance and accountability changed? (old vs. new)

Answer 8

Old: profession
New: profession and other public and community groups

Question 9

How have organizations that exist to serve/protect in the health care field changed? (old vs. new)

Answer 9

Old: individual physicians interests-focused
New: patient, community and physician interests

Question 10

How have the parties to which physicians are accountable changed?

Answer 10

Old: patients and profession
New: Patients, profession and healthcare organization

Question 11

What are the eternal verities of being a physician? (3)

Answer 11

• virtuous conduct
• doctor patient relationship
• physical diagnosis

Question 12

How do we search for truth? (4)

Answer 12

• awareness of the moral content of our actions
• evaluation of our intent and choice of action
• using reasoned judgement to select choices
• normative evaluation (requires value system)

Question 13

Values that we are comfortable with are considered ________ while values that we are not comfortable with are considered _______

Answer 13

• civic/secular

- moral/ethical

Question 14

What are the 3 foundations of ethical decisions?

Answer 14

• personal opinions and feelings
• religious beliefs
• systematic theories
• ->These must be subject to judgment in argumentation

Question 15

What composes the framework to ethical decision making (5)?

Answer 15

• establishing facts (distinguish these from uncertainties and biases and recognize that clinical judgements are probability statements)
• identifying ethical issues and principles involved
• determine the patients best interests
• state the decision and recommendations
• justify the decision

Question 16

Witholding life-sustaining care and removing life-sustaining care are ________

Answer 16

morally equivalent in equivalent circumstances

Question 17

Difference between letting die and killing:

Answer 17

Letting die: is the removal of non-beneficial support

Question 18

Double effect

Answer 18

Allow one unintended bad effect in order to achieve a good effect as long as:

• the action isnt intrinsically wrong
• only the good effect is intended
• the bad effect isn’t a means to an end
• the goal to be achieved is proportional to the evil permitted

Question 19

Moral agency

Answer 19

teh ability to act and take personal responsibility

Question 20

What are the required competencies for achieving moral agency? (4)

Answer 20

• moral sensibility: recognizing the moral moment
• moral responsiveness: willing to respond
• moral reasoning: sound approaches
• accountability: holding oneself and other accountable