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BPK 381 > Lecture 2: Organizations and Socialization > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Organizations and Socialization Flashcards

1
Q

Define: internal validity

A

the degree to which results of the research can be attributed to the variables investigated rather than other possible explanations

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2
Q

Define: external validity

A

the degree to which findings can be applied in practice

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3
Q

Experimental research methods are conducted where?

A

Laboratory

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4
Q

What are quasi-experimental research methods?

A

Experiments conducted in house often by companies.

Subjects are manipulated in their natural setting

Less controlled than experimental design

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5
Q

Describe a field study

A
  • observational study that occurs in a natural environment allow the researcher to learn about the studied group or their actions
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6
Q

define: ethnography

A

researcher takes an active role in interaction with subject. researcher immerses self in workplace to understand it

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7
Q

define: meta-analysis

A

large scale re-analysis of literature covering a particular topic; discusses trends across different studies

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8
Q

define: systematic review

A

collection of literature covering a particular topic

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9
Q

define: reliability

A

consistency and stability of measure

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10
Q

define: test-retest reliability

A

when you re-conduct a test, will you get the same result?

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11
Q

define: equivalent form reliability

A

correlations of measures from sample of individuals completing two different forms of the test

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12
Q

internal consistency

A

test of consistency of multiple elements in a test

  • example: looking at the scores of odd number questions and even number questions
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13
Q

define: inter-rater reliabilty

A

consistency between evaluators and raters

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14
Q

define: validity

A

correctness of inferences made based on results of some measurement

does the measurement represent what we wanted it to measure?

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15
Q

define: construct validity

A
  • does the test measure the construct we are interested in studying? (intelligence, mental wellbeing, endurance, satisfaction)
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16
Q

define: criterion

A

evaluative standards by which something is assessed for the purpose of ascertaining their quality

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17
Q

define: predictor

A

test chosen or developed to assess attributes identified as important for successful job performance. Is a type of criterion based validity

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18
Q

define: criterion based validity

A

compare test to another known measure of accepted validity. To what degree is that valid?

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19
Q

define: concurrent validity

A

test is consistent with results from another test that measures the same behavior at the same time

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20
Q

define: predictive validity

A

can this measure predict another measure at a future date? can this measure predict another measure like performance?

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21
Q

define: content-related validity

A

is the content of the metric representative of what it is supposed to measure?

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22
Q

define: face validity

A

Face Validity: Does the content in the metric seem to be a reasonable measure of the characteristic is purported to measure?

23
Q

Define: construct-related validity

A

Construct-related validity: sum of criteria-related validity and content validity; the integration of evidence that supports interpretation of metrics

24
Q

define: deficiency

A

degree to which predictor fails to overlap criteria, can be reduced but not eliminated

25
Q

define: relevance

A

degree to which criterion and predictor coincide

26
Q

define: contamination

A

predictor is unrelated to criteria

27
Q

define: descriptive statistics

A

Descriptive statistics: Ways of describing research data in a concise, meaningful manner

28
Q

define: inferential statistics

A

Inferential statistics: Used to compare performance levels of the experimental group and the control group. Methods for analyzing data that express relationships (e.g., differences between groups) in terms of probabilities

29
Q

define: mean

A

arithmetic average

30
Q

define: median

A

score at the midpoint of a distribution

31
Q

define: mode

A

value that appears the most frequently in a distribution

32
Q

define: standard deviation

A

precise distance along the distribution’s baseline

33
Q

define: correlation coefficient

A

the strength of the relationship between two variables

34
Q

define; sociotechnical systems

A

Sociotechnical systems (STS): Workplaces should be designed such that both people and technology coexist in harmony

  • created by Eric Trist who studied coal miners
35
Q

What were Eric Trists findings when studying coal miners?

A

workers were placed far apart and managed by only one person

  • this did not lead to more productivity! workers were more bored.
36
Q

What are the 3 major concepts of sociotechnical systems?

A

Responsible autonomy: management gives employees control over their work which creates a greater commitment to the firm.
Adaptability: the way organizations respond to change
Meaningfulness of task: satisfaction that workers receive over job; workers who do repetitive task have lower job satisfaction

37
Q

define: organization

A

Organization: A group of people who have common goals and who follow a set of operating procedures to develop products and services

38
Q

4 basic components to any organization

A
  1. differentiated activities
  2. people that perform tasks and people who hold authority
  3. co-operation toward a goal
  4. authority - a superior and subordinate relationship
39
Q

5 keys to an organization’s culture

A
  • values
  • beliefs
  • myths/legends
  • traditions
  • norms
40
Q

define: value

A

what does the org hold most important?

41
Q

define: belief

A

what do people understand about the organization’s way of work?

42
Q

define: norms

A

collective group expectations

43
Q

define: organizational climate

A

Organizational “climate”: A shared perception among employees regarding work their entity: organization, division, department or work group

44
Q

how can you measure safety culture?

A
  • leadership commitment
  • safety committee existence + compliance to regulations
  • performance evaluation related to safety
  • rewards related to safety
45
Q

define: organizational socialization

A

process by which an employee becomes aware of the values and procedures of an organization

46
Q

define: ASA

A

attraction, selection, attrition

47
Q

how can organizations formally and informally socialize an employee to their organization

A

formally: training, performance reviews, manuals, workshops

informally: going out to the bar with coworkers, watching how managers performance manage colleagues

48
Q

3 stages of socialization

A
  1. anticipatory socialization: being told about norms
  2. encounter stage: when we encounter instances where the norm is displayed or enforced
  3. metamorphosis: acceptance by the group and contribution to culture
49
Q

define: role

A

set of connected behaviors, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation. … It is an expected or free or continuously changing behavior and may have a given individual social status or social position.

50
Q

5 aspects of roles

A
  1. impersonal: determined by position
  2. related to task/job
  3. difficult to pin down
  4. several roles are possible.
  5. produces a behaviour change
51
Q

define: given role

A

Given role: impacted by authority (supervisor), performance evaluation, and job description

52
Q

define: taken role

A

Taken role: impacted by how person enacts role and their behaviour, role ideal, daily routine

53
Q

What is a role episode and give some examples

A

how a person learns their role and group expectations

  • expectations are communicated by manager
  • performance management
  • scenario comes up where they must exert their responsibilties
54
Q

benefits of socialization

A
  1. increased role performance.
  2. extra roles are learned
  3. social cohesion
  4. internal stability
  5. external presentation

BPK 381 (9 decks)

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