Lecture 2: Organization of the NS

Question 1

comprised of: neuron cell bodies, glia and schwann cells, dendrites, axon terminals (boutons), and unmyelinated fibers

Answer 1

grey matter

Question 2

comprised of: bundles of myelinated (which gives white color) axons

Answer 2

white matter

Question 3

nucleus : nerve cell bodies in the CNS :: ___ : nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Answer 3

ganglion

Question 4

terms that refer to nerve cell bodies

Answer 4

lamina, body (corpora), cortex, formation, horn, center

Question 5

terms that refer to fiber pathways

Answer 5

tract, fasciculus, brachium, peduncle, capsule, lemniscus, commissure, ansa

Question 6

a crossing over or intersection of parts; an example is the ___ of the pyramids in the lower medulla

Answer 6

decussation

Question 7

CNS (central nervous system) : brain and spinal cord :: ___ : neural parts outside of the CNS

Answer 7

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Question 8

encephalon, cerebrum, cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, limbic lobe

Answer 8

structures / divisions of the CNS

Question 9

gyrus : visual fold of tissue :: sulcus / ___ : grooves

Answer 9

fissure

Question 10

Brodmann areas 44 and 45 which play a role in fluent, well-articulated speech are also known as ___’s area

Answer 10

Broca

Question 11

frontal lobe : most anterior :: occipital lobe : most ___

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

parietal lobe : superior to sylvian fissure :: temporal lobe : ___ to sylvian fissure

Answer 12

inferior

Question 13

lobe involved with language (left), motor planning, and executive functioning

Answer 13

frontal lobe

Question 14

lobe involved with language (left), sensation, and spacial information

Answer 14

parietal lobe

Question 15

lobe involved with auditory processing and semantic memory

Answer 15

temporal lobe

Question 16

lobe involved with processing visual information

Answer 16

occipital lobe

Question 17

cerebral connection fibers (COM-ASS-PRO)

Answer 17

commissural fibers (connect one hemisphere with other), associated fibers (connect portions of same hemisphere), projection fibers (long pathway connecting CC to lower NS)

Question 18

cortex found in pre central gyrus (BA 4) in frontal lobe; sends signal for execution of voluntary motor movements - somatotopically organized (homunculus)

Answer 18

primary motor cortex

Question 19

cortex found in post central gyrus (BA 1, 2, & 3) in parietal lobe; receptor for bodily sensations - somatotopically organized

Answer 19

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 20

cortex found in Heschl’s gyrus (BA 41 & 42) in temporal lobe; processes incoming sound - tonotopically organized

Answer 20

primary auditory cortex

Question 21

cortex found along calcimine fissure (BA 17) in occipital lobe; processes visual signals - retinotopically organized

Answer 21

primary visual cortex

Question 22

higher order processing cortex which takes info from primary sensory cortex (temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) to performs additional processing; also, ___ cortex flows backward when sending information to primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe so that final execution commands may be sent out

Answer 22

association cortex

Question 23

primary sensory cortex : temporal-parietal-occipital :: primary ___ cortex : frontal

Answer 23

motor

Question 24

unimodal association cortex : one sensory attribute processed :: ___ association cortex : two sensory attributes processed

Answer 24

polymodal

Question 25

true or false, the supramodal association cortex is considered the highest level of processing compared to unimodal and polymodal association cortexes

Answer 25

true

Question 26

name of the category of structures that are beneath the cerebral cortex, including: diencephalon (thalamus, hypo-, eli-, and sub-), basal ganglia, substantial nigra, and the sub thalamic nucleus

Answer 26

subcortical structures

Question 27

[re: location] cerebellum : rear of brain (below cerebrum) :: brainstem : between the ___ and the spinal cord

Answer 27

subcortical structures of the brain