Lecture 1: Terminology and Neurodiagnostic Work

Question 1

___ : to the front :: posterior : to the back

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

___ : upper :: inferior : lower

Answer 2

superior

Question 3

medial : towards midline :: ___ : furthest from midline

Answer 3

lateral

Question 4

ventral : towards belly :: ___ : towards sky

Answer 4

dorsal

Question 5

___ : towards snout :: caudal : towards tail

Answer 5

rostral

Question 6

anterior = rostral
posterior = caudal
superior = dorsal
inferior = ventral

choose: when structures are ( above / below ) the midbrain

Answer 6

above

Question 7

anterior = ventral
posterior = dorsal
superior = rostral
inferior = caudal

choose: when structures are ( above / below ) the midbrain

Answer 7

below

Question 8

true or false: the human brain is perpendicular in relationship to the spinal cord, which is why the anatomical directions (rostral, dorsal, ventral, and caudal) vary

Answer 8

true

Question 9

splits into left and right portions

Answer 9

sagittal plane

Question 10

___ planes are parallel to the floor

Answer 10

horizontal

Question 11

splits into front and back portions

Answer 11

coronal plane

Question 12

unilateral : one side :: ___ : two sides

Answer 12

bilateral

Question 13

___ : same side :: contralateral :: opposite side

Answer 13

ipsilateral

Question 14

what is CT?

Answer 14

computed tomography: uses x-ray technique to produce detailed images of “slices” of brain tissue or other organs

Question 15

strengths of CT

Answer 15

least expensive; good at assessing bone and can detect brain hemorrhage

Question 16

weaknesses of CT

Answer 16

cannot distinguish grey vs. white matter; cannot detect small strokes

Question 17

what is MRI?

Answer 17

magnetic resonance imaging: radiofrequency and magnetic waves to produce an image

Question 18

strengths of MRI

Answer 18

low risk to patients; clearer imaging; can distinguish between grey and white matter

Question 19

weaknesses of MRI

Answer 19

claustrophobia; also cannot be used for patents with metal implants or those who cannot remain still

Question 20

true or false: CTs are more detailed and more easily distinguishable than MRIs

Answer 20

false