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Occlusion and Fixed > Lecture 2- Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

how many maxillary bones are there and what fuses them together

A

-2 maxillary bones
-fused together at the mid-palatal suture

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2
Q

what is the superior border of the maxilla

A

floor of the nasal cavity and orbit

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3
Q

what is the inferior border of the maxillar

A

palate and alveolar ridge

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4
Q

what are the components of the maxilla

A

-body
-zygomatic process
-frontal process
-alveolar process
-palatine process

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5
Q

what is the largest and strongest bone on the skull

A

the mandible

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6
Q

what is the superior aspect of the mandible

A

alveolar crest and teeth

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7
Q

what is the posterior aspect of the mandible

A

-mandibular angle
-ascending ramus
-coronoid process
-condyle

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8
Q

what does the condyle articulate with

A

the cranium

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9
Q

what is the medoilateral length of the condyle

A

15-20 mm

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10
Q

what is the anterior-posterior width of the condyle

A

8-10 mm

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11
Q

what does the squamous portion of the temporal bone articulate with

A

the mandibular condyle

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12
Q

what is the articular eminence of the temporal bone

A

thick dense bone to tolerate heavy forces

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13
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

-lateral pterygoids
- medial pterygoids
- temporalis
-masseter

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14
Q

what direction do fibers of the superficial masseter and deep masseter run

A

-superficial: fibers run downwards and backwards
-deep: vertical

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15
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the masseter

A

-origin: zygomatic arch
-insertion: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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16
Q

what are the actions of the masseter

A

-elevates the mandible
-provides force for chewing
-superficial head: aids in protrusion
- deep head: stabilizes the condyle against the eminence

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17
Q

what is the blood supply to the masseter

A

muscular branch of the maxillary artery

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18
Q

what innervates the massester

A

masseteric nerve of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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19
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the temporalis and what direction do the fibers run

A

-anterior- vertical directed fibers
- middle- oblique across lateral aspect of the skull
- posterior: horizontal fibers come forward above the ear to join other temporalis fibers

20
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the temporalis

A

-origin: temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull
- insertion: coronoid process and anterior border of ascending ramus

21
Q

what are the actions of each division of the temporalis

A

-anterior: mandible is raised vertically
- middle: elevates and retrudes the mandible
- posterior: aids in retrusion of the mandible

22
Q

what is the blood supply and nerve supply of the temporalis

A

-blood: a muscular branch of the maxillary artery
- nerve: deep temporal nerve of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

23
Q

what are the 2 heads of the lateral pterygoid

A

-superior lateral pterygoid
- inferior lateral pterygoid

24
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the inferior lateral pterygoid and where does it extend

A
  • origin: outer surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  • insertion: neck of condyle
    extends: backwards upwards and outwards
25
Q

what are the actions of the inferior lateral pterygoid

A

-bilateral contraction: causes the condyle to be pulled down the articular eminence and the mandible is protruded
- unilateral contraction: causes mediotrusive movement - downward, forward and medially

26
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the superior lateral pterygoid

A
  • origin: infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing
  • insertion: disk , capsule, and neck of the condyle
27
Q

what belly is smaller in the lateral pterygoid

A

superior lateral

28
Q

what are the actions of the superior lateral pterygoid

A

-inactive during mandibular opening
- active only with elevator muscles (closing of the mandible)
- power stroke: this muscle is active during mandibular closure against resistance (chewing or clenching)

29
Q

what is the blood and nerve supply to the lateral pterygoid

A

-blood: a muscular branch of the maxillary artery
- nerve: a branch of the masseteric or buccal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

30
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid

A

-origin: pterygoid fossa
- insertion: medial surface of the mandibular angle

31
Q

what are the functions of the medial pterygoid

A
  • elevates the mandible
  • protrudes the mandible
    -unilateral contractions
    results in mediotrusion
32
Q

what is the blood and nerve supply to the medial pterygoid

A

-blood: a muscular branch of the maxillary artery
- nerve: a motor branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve which reaches the posterior border of the muscle near the base of the skull

33
Q

what muscles make up the masseter sling

A

masseter and medial pterygoid

34
Q

what muscles make up the suprahyoids

A

-geniohyoid
- mylyhyoid
-digastric
-stylohyoid

35
Q

what are the functions of the suprahyoids

A

-elevate hyoid bone and depresses the mandible when hyoid bone is fixed

36
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the geniohyoid

A

origin: inferior genial tubercle on the inner surface of the mandibular symphysis
insertion: anterior surface of body of hyoid bone

37
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the mylohyoid

A

origin: line from last molar root to mandibular symphysis
insertion: median raphe from chin to hyoid bone

38
Q

what are the 2 bellies of the digastric

A

anterior and posterior

39
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the digastric

A

origin: the posterior belly, longer than the anterior, arises from the mastoid process. the anterior belly arises from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the symphysis
insertion: hyoid bone

40
Q

what muscles contract during depression of the mandible

A

-inferior lateral pterygoid
-digastric

41
Q

what muscles relax during depression of the mandible

A

-masseters
-medial pterygoids
- temporalis

42
Q

what muscles contract during elevation of the mandible

A

-masseters
- medial pterygoid
- temporalis
-superior lateral pterygoid

43
Q

what muscles relax during elevation of the mandible

A

-inferior lateral pterygoid
- digastric

44
Q

what muscles are contracting and relaxing during right lateral movement

A

contraction: left inferior lateral pterygoid
relaxation: right inferior lateral pterygoid and slight relaxation of elevators

45
Q

what contracts and relaxes during left lateral movement

A

contraction: right inferior lateral pterygoid
relaxation: left inferior lateral pterygoid, slight relaxation of elevators

46
Q

what contracts during protrusion

A

mainly inferior lateral pterygoids assisted by masseters and medial pterygoids

47
Q

what is contracting during retursion

A

temporalis

Occlusion and Fixed (14 decks)

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