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Physiology I > Lecture 2 Membrane Transport Mechanisms > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Membrane Transport Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Molecules will have movement until it encounters another particle and change direction.
Don’t have to put E into system

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2
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across membrane without putting E into system
High conc to low conc
Only water can cross

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3
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Semipermeable membrane - only some things can get through, allowing water through the diphram

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4
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

molecules will be entering and leaving at same rate

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5
Q

3 critical parts of cell fluid

A

Sodium, Potassium and Chloride

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6
Q

Sodium highest

A

outside cell

142 conc

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7
Q

Potassium highest

A

inside cell

140 conc

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8
Q

Chloride highest

A

outside cell

103 conc

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9
Q

3 Energy independent mechanism for crossing cell membrane

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Facilitated Diffusion
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10
Q

Diffusion

A

High conc to low conc. No membrane required, but can be.

Ex. Perfume, high conc (on you) to low conc (person walking by)

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membrane

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12
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Requires carrier proteins
No Energy required
Low conc to high

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13
Q

4 Types of Mechanisms to cross cell membranes that require channels

A
  1. Aquaporins
  2. Ion channels
  3. Ligand gated
  4. Voltage gated
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14
Q

Channels

A

are proteins that create pathways through cell membrane
Ex. Channel proteins
Very transient, depends on need of cell

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15
Q

Non-gated channels

A

Always open

2 types 1. Aquaporins 2. Ion channels

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16
Q

Gated channels

A

May open or close at any time, voltage required

2 types 1. Ligand 2. Voltage

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17
Q

Ligand gated

A

Requires a signal molecule to open

18
Q

Voltage gated

A

When voltage changes, they open. Critical for membrane potentials

19
Q

Mechanisms for Crossing cell membranes Energy dependent

A
  1. Active transport
    - Primary - requires ATP
    - Secondary - requires multiporters
20
Q

Active Transport

A

Energy typically comes from ATP
Defying entropy
Primary and Secondary

21
Q

Primary Active Transport

A

Requires ATP at site of transportation
ATPases have enzyme that can split ATP to get E
Many types of ATPases, each responsible for something different. This happens first, then secondary

22
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Requires multiporters
2 types 1. Symporters - cotransporters
2. Antiporters - countertransporters or exchangers

23
Q

Multiporters

A

Proteins that will transport more than one solute at a time

24
Q

2 Types of Multiporters

A
  1. Symporters

2. Antiporters

25
Q

Symporters

A

2 sometimes 3 in the same direction at the same time

26
Q

Antiporters

A

Transports 2 or 3 different in different directions

27
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of particles from area of high conc to low conc
Depends on kinetic energy of particles rather than external energy
Difussion across biphospholipid layer

28
Q

Particles that diffuse across biphospholipid layer

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, alcohols can diffuse readily across biphospholipid layer

29
Q

3 Factors affecting rate of diffusion

A
  1. proportional to concentration difference across membrane
  2. Membrane electric potential (Nernst potential)
  3. Pressure difference
30
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of solvent (water) across a semipermeable membrane

31
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Requires uniporter carrier protein
Vmax
Used by glucose, amino acids

32
Q

Uniporter carrier protein

A

Used in facilitated diffusion

Carry one type of particle with the diffusion gradient

33
Q

Vmax

A

Limits the transporter, can be overwhelmed

Ex. If you eat 15 donuts, will be sugar in urine

34
Q

2 things that use Facilitated diffusion

A

Glucose, amino acids

35
Q

3 Types Non-gated channels

A
  1. Aquaporins
  2. Potassium channels with selectivity filters with carbonyl oxygens
  3. Sodium channels
36
Q

Why can’t sodium use potassium’s channel

A

Potassium is larger, so it would fit. But there is a selective filter that doesn’t let it through

37
Q

Active transport

A 
Movement of particles against concentration gradient 
Requires energy
2 types
Primary
Secondary
38
Q

Primary active transport

A

Energy is derived directly from breakdown of ATP

Utilizes ATPase transporters

39
Q

Secondary transport

A

Energy is derived secondarily from concentration differences of molecular or ionic substances created originally by primary active transport
Utilizes multiporters

40
Q

Na+ K+ pump uses

A

Primary active transport

Most common in nerve cells

Physiology I (7 decks)

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