Lecture 2 (Membrane Transport) Flashcards
Glucose transporters (GLUT transporter) employ which kind of transport?
Facilitated diffusion
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which kind of transport?
Primary active transport
In secondary active transport is ATP involved
it is only involved initially
The sodium-glucose pump is an example of which kind of transport
Secondary active transport
If you see the word pump what can you assume
That ATP/energy is involved at some point
The sodium-calcium pump is an example of what kind of transport
Secondary active transport
what is kinetic energy
The energy the body possesses due to motion
what is thermal energy
The energy the body possess due to heat
What is diffusion
The continued movement of molecules among one another. leads to movement from high conc. to low conc
What is osmosis
The net movement of water caused by differences in water concentration
How are diffusion and osmosis related to semipermeable membranes
Concentration gradients can allow some molecules, such as water, to go through the membrane in order to decrease the concentration on the other side. meanwhile other molecules are not able to pass through the membrane
What is osmotic pressure
The amount of pressure that is needed to stop osmosis
what is the equation for effective osmotic pressure
effective osmotic pressure=osmotic pressure x reflection coefficient
What are the 3 types of energy independent transports
diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
what is typically a ligand molecule
Steroid or hormone
what are the types of gated channels
ligand gated and voltage gated
What are the two types of energy dependent transports
Active: primary and secondary
what does Primary active transport require
ATPases
What does secondary active transport require
Multiporter
What are the two forms of multiporter
Symporter (cotransporters)
Antiporters (countertransporters or exchangers)
GLUT transports employ which type of transport
Facilitated diffusion
The sodium potassium pump is an example of which of the following kinds of transport
Primary active transport
Name 3 types of non-gated channels
aquaporins
potassium channels with selectivity filters with carbonyl oxygens
sodium channels
Name two types of gated channels
voltage gated
ligand gated
Active transport
movement of particles against a concentration/electrochemical gradient (uphill)
Primary active transport
energy is derived directly from breakdown of ATP
Utilizes ATPase transporters
Secondary transport
Energy is derived secondarily form concentration differences of molecular or ionic substances created originally by primary active transport
Utilizes multiporters
In secondary active transport does atleast one of the solutes move down its electrochemical gradient while one or more of the other solutes moves up its electrochemical gradient
Yes
Active transport always occurs when ______
a substance moves up its electrochemical gradient
why does it take three sodium ions per calcium in an antiporter
calcium has a larger electrochemical gradient and is also larger than sodium therefore it takes 3 Na to move 1 calcium
When does the sodium potassium pump become active
when 2 potassium ions bind to the outside of the large subunit of the carrier protein and 3 sodium ions bind to the inside of the large subunit, the ATPase function of the protein becomes activated
can the sodium potassium pump run in reverse
yes! it can be used to generate ATP or pump the ions in opposite directions, depending on the relative concentrations of ATP, ADP, Phosphate, sodium, and potassium ions
The sodium gradient that allows secondary active transport to function is produced by
primary active transport of sodium to the outside of the cell.
Sodium glucose pump is an example of what
secondary active transport that uses a simperer
The Na-H and Na-Ca use what kind of transport
secondary active transport counter-transport
do we have any way to actively transport water
No! what tends to follow concentration gradients thus it moves with the ions
Name some ions that are typically pumped with primary active transport
sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, hydrogen
Primary active transport requires what
Carrier proteins. Typically ATPase pumps
