Lecture 2 (Membrane Transport)

Question 1

Glucose transporters (GLUT transporter) employ which kind of transport?

Answer 1

Facilitated diffusion

Question 2

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which kind of transport?

Answer 2

Primary active transport

Question 3

In secondary active transport is ATP involved

Answer 3

it is only involved initially

Question 4

The sodium-glucose pump is an example of which kind of transport

Answer 4

Secondary active transport

Question 5

If you see the word pump what can you assume

Answer 5

That ATP/energy is involved at some point

Question 6

The sodium-calcium pump is an example of what kind of transport

Answer 6

Secondary active transport

Question 7

what is kinetic energy

Answer 7

The energy the body possesses due to motion

Question 8

what is thermal energy

Answer 8

The energy the body possess due to heat

Question 9

What is diffusion

Answer 9

The continued movement of molecules among one another. leads to movement from high conc. to low conc

Question 10

What is osmosis

Answer 10

The net movement of water caused by differences in water concentration

Question 11

How are diffusion and osmosis related to semipermeable membranes

Answer 11

Concentration gradients can allow some molecules, such as water, to go through the membrane in order to decrease the concentration on the other side. meanwhile other molecules are not able to pass through the membrane

Question 12

What is osmotic pressure

Answer 12

The amount of pressure that is needed to stop osmosis

Question 13

what is the equation for effective osmotic pressure

Answer 13

effective osmotic pressure=osmotic pressure x reflection coefficient

Question 14

What are the 3 types of energy independent transports

Answer 14

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 15

what is typically a ligand molecule

Answer 15

Steroid or hormone

Question 16

what are the types of gated channels

Answer 16

ligand gated and voltage gated

Question 17

What are the two types of energy dependent transports

Answer 17

Active: primary and secondary

Question 18

what does Primary active transport require

Answer 18

ATPases

Question 19

What does secondary active transport require

Answer 19

Multiporter

Question 20

What are the two forms of multiporter

Answer 20

Symporter (cotransporters)

Antiporters (countertransporters or exchangers)

Question 21

GLUT transports employ which type of transport

Answer 21

Facilitated diffusion

Question 22

The sodium potassium pump is an example of which of the following kinds of transport

Answer 22

Primary active transport

Question 23

Name 3 types of non-gated channels

Answer 23

aquaporins
potassium channels with selectivity filters with carbonyl oxygens
sodium channels

Question 24

Name two types of gated channels

Answer 24

voltage gated

ligand gated

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

movement of particles against a concentration/electrochemical gradient (uphill)

Question 26

Primary active transport

Answer 26

energy is derived directly from breakdown of ATP | Utilizes ATPase transporters

Question 27

Secondary transport

Answer 27

Energy is derived secondarily form concentration differences of molecular or ionic substances created originally by primary active transport Utilizes multiporters

Question 28

In secondary active transport does atleast one of the solutes move down its electrochemical gradient while one or more of the other solutes moves up its electrochemical gradient

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Active transport always occurs when ______

Answer 29

a substance moves up its electrochemical gradient

Question 30

why does it take three sodium ions per calcium in an antiporter

Answer 30

calcium has a larger electrochemical gradient and is also larger than sodium therefore it takes 3 Na to move 1 calcium

Question 31

When does the sodium potassium pump become active

Answer 31

when 2 potassium ions bind to the outside of the large subunit of the carrier protein and 3 sodium ions bind to the inside of the large subunit, the ATPase function of the protein becomes activated

Question 32

can the sodium potassium pump run in reverse

Answer 32

yes! it can be used to generate ATP or pump the ions in opposite directions, depending on the relative concentrations of ATP, ADP, Phosphate, sodium, and potassium ions

Question 33

The sodium gradient that allows secondary active transport to function is produced by

Answer 33

primary active transport of sodium to the outside of the cell.

Question 34

Sodium glucose pump is an example of what

Answer 34

secondary active transport that uses a simperer

Question 35

The Na-H and Na-Ca use what kind of transport

Answer 35

secondary active transport counter-transport

Question 36

do we have any way to actively transport water

Answer 36

No! what tends to follow concentration gradients thus it moves with the ions

Question 37

Name some ions that are typically pumped with primary active transport

Answer 37

sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, hydrogen

Question 38

Primary active transport requires what

Answer 38

Carrier proteins. Typically ATPase pumps