Lecture 2 (Logical fallacies) Flashcards
(Logical Fallacies) Appeal to Authority
Where an assertion is deemed true because of the position/authority of the person asserting it
(Logical Fallacies) Argumentum ad hominem
Evasion of the actual topic by directing the attack at your opponent
(Logical Fallacies) Argumnt from silence
Where the conclusion is based on the absence of evidence, rather than the existence of evidence
(Logical Fallacies) Argument from ignorance (appeal to ignorance)
Assuming claim is true because it has not been or cannot be proven false
(Logical Fallacies) Appeal to emotion
Argument is made due to manipulation of emotions rather than valid reasoning.
(Logical Fallacies) Association fallacy
“Guilt by association” linking one idea or practice with something negative in order to infer guilt on another person
(Logical Fallacies) False Dilemma/Dichtomy
Someone presenting their argument in such a way that gives only 2 options
(Logical Fallacies) Non-sequitur
“It does not follow” fallacy where someone asserts a conclusion that doesn’t follow from the proposition
(Logical Fallacies) Red herring
Introducing irrelevant facts or arguments to distract from the question at hand
(Logical Fallacies) Slippery slope
Adopting one policy or action will result or lead to a series of other policies or actions
(Logical Fallacies) Straw man
Refuting an extreme version of someones argument rather than the argument itself. Then tearing down the strawman as part o the argument
(Logical Fallacies) Hasty generalisation
Making assumptions on a group based on a small sample. Eg stereotypes
(Logical Fallacies) Weak/false analogy
When relying and comparing t2 things in an argument that aren’t alike
(Logical Fallacies) Appeal to tradition
Trying to get someone to accept something because “it has always been done this way”
(Logical Fallacies) Appeal to popular
Urging the person to accept a position because the majority of people hold to it
