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VPATH 311 > Lecture 2: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

Lecture 2: INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

It is that branch of science that deals with all abnormalities of structure and functions. It involves the study of cells, tissues, organs and body fluids, and is considered the link between basic sciences and clinical studies

A

Pathology

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2
Q

It is the search for and study of lesions.

A

Pathology

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3
Q

Two major division of Pathology (2)

A

Medical Pathology and Veterinary Pathology

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4
Q

It is dedicated to the study of diseases in humans

A

Medical Pathology

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5
Q

It is dedicated to the study of diseases with all animal species.

A

Veterinary Pathology

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6
Q

Since veterinary pathology encompasses the disease of human species, this is known to some countries as this name.

A

Comparative Pathology

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7
Q

As an academic discipline in both human and veterinary medicine, pathology is divided into two major divisions. (2)

A

Anatomic Pathology and Clinical Pathology

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8
Q

It deals with the study of disease in cells, tissues and organs,

A

Anatomic Pathology

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9
Q

This latter deals with body fluids and secretions.

A

Clinical Pathology

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10
Q

It is a traditional academic subdivision that deals with the study of the common denominators of disease, and the mechanisms of disease production

A

General Pathology

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11
Q

It deals with the study of specific diseases as they affect specific organs and organ system.

A

Systemic or Special Pathology

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12
Q

It deals with the study of tissue abnormalities using either gross examination or microscopic examination of sectioned materials, traditionally called histopathology.

A

Diagnostic Pathology

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13
Q

It deals with biopsy materials, or those materials surgically sampled from living animals.

A

Surgical Pathology

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14
Q

It deals with the manipulation, analysis and experimental production of abnormalities, with an end in view of understanding the underlying mechanism in the development of disease.

A

Experimental Pathology

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15
Q

It deals with the evolution of a group of animals.

A

Phylogeny

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16
Q

Disease in animals is a complex interplay of three interacting factors: (3)

A

Animal, agent and environment

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17
Q

The developmental process from the culmination of the disease to its termination.

A

Pathogenesis

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18
Q

With the disease process in progress, it is the alterations in the normal functions.

A

Pathophysiology

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19
Q

It is the conclusion derived from the study of the cause and pathogenesis of the disease, with an end in view of differentiating the disease in question from other diseases of similar manifestations.

A

Diagnosis

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20
Q

Given the diagnosis for a particular disease, it is at most time sufficiently possible to more or less predict the probable outcome of such a disease, and this outcome is called ___________.

A

Prognosis

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21
Q

It is the study of the cause of disease is required to understand the pathogenesis of a disease

A

Etiology

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22
Q

As disease processes started and progresses, there are four possible outcomes: (4)

A

Healing and recovery, death, functional deficit and impasse

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23
Q

It is the study of disease; literally, the study of (-logy) suffering (pathos).

A

Pathology

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24
Q

It is the study of the functional, biochemical and morphological alterations in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease.

A

Pathology

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25
Q

It is the study of the basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases.

A

General Pathology

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26
Q

It is the study of the specific responses of specialized organs and tissues to more or less well-defined pathologic stimuli.

A

Systemic Pathology

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27
Q

It is a branch of pathology directed to the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases by laboratory means. It involves the collection and examination of body fluids and interpretations of laboratory findings.

A

Clinical Pathology

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28
Q

It is a disorder of structure or function, especially one that produces specific clinical signs.

A

Disease

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29
Q

It is any deviation from, or interruption of, the normal structure or function of any part, organ or system of the body; which may be clinical (characteristic set of symptoms and signs) or subclinical and whose etiology, pathology and prognosis may be known or unknown.

A

Disease

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30
Q

It is any indication of disease perceived by the patient and a term therefore not applicable to animals.

A

Symptom

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31
Q

It is observed abnormalities of structure.

A

Clinical signs

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32
Q

Four aspects of a disease form the core of pathology: (4)

A

Etiology, Pathogenesis, Morphologic changes and Clinical significance

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33
Q

It is the cause of disease; genetic vs acquired (e.g., infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical, etc.).

A

Etiology

34
Q

It is the mechanisms or sequence of events leading from initiation of cell or tissue injury to disease development.

A

Pathogenesis

35
Q

It is the structural alterations (gross or microscopic) in cells or tissues that are often characteristic of the disease.

A

Morphologic changes

36
Q

It is the nature of the morphologic changes and their distribution in organs/tissues influence normal function and determine the clinical signs, course and prognosis of the disease.

A

Clinical significance

37
Q

It is any structural (or functional) abnormality in an organ, tissue or cell.

A

Lesion

38
Q

It is a gross and microscopic changes (to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease.

A

Lesion

39
Q

It is a a wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues.

A

Lesion

40
Q

It is a lesion or sign that is specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or pathological condition.

A

Pathognomonic

41
Q

It refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell.

A

Injury (or injurious agents)

42
Q

It is anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell.

A

Injury (or injurious agents)

43
Q

It is any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism.

A

Stress

44
Q

It is the maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.

A

Homeostasis

45
Q

The process through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

A

Homeostasis

46
Q

The sequential development of disease.

A

Pathogenesis

47
Q

The step-by-step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestation.

A

Pathogenesis

48
Q

It refers to the capacity to produce a disease.

A

Pathogenecity

49
Q

Refers to the capacity to produce a disease.

A

Virulence

50
Q

It is the expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease.

A

Prognosis

51
Q

It is the postmortem examination of the body to determine the nature of
pathological processes that contribute to death or disease.

A

Necropsy/Autopsy

52
Q

It is usually defined as examination of a human body.

A

Autopsy

53
Q

It is usually defined as examination of a human body.

A

Autopsy

54
Q

It is the examination of any other animal.

A

Necropsy

55
Q

It is the removal and examination of tissue from the living body to establish a precise diagnosis.

A

Biopsy

56
Q

It is a concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name of a disease.

A

Diagnosis

57
Q

It is the act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease.

A

Diagnosis

58
Q

Types of Diagnosis (5)

A

Differential Diagnosis, Morphological Diagnosis, Clinical Diagnosis, Etiological Diagnosis and Disease (Definitive) Diagnosis.

59
Q

A list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs or lesions in a case.

A

Differential Diagnosis

60
Q

It is a diagnosis based on the predominant gross and microscopic lesion(s) in the tissue.

A

Morphological Diagnosis

61
Q

It is a diagnosis based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs and physical examination.

A

Clinical Diagnosis

62
Q

It is a diagnosis that names the specific (or general) cause of the disease. (e.g., parvoviral enteritis, parasitic hepatitis)

A

Etiological Diagnosis

63
Q

A specific diagnosis that states the “name of the disease”.

A

Disease (Definitive) Diagnosis

64
Q

A confirmatory diagnosis resulting o naming of the disease.

A

Disease (Definitive) Diagnosis

65
Q

Microscopic study of lesion(s) in a tissue section.

A

Histopathology

66
Q

These are commonly used stain for
histopathological examination. (2)

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

67
Q

These are used to specifically demonstrate lesion.

A

Special stains

68
Q

Stain for fat vacuoles.

A

Sudan stain

69
Q

Stain for glycogen vacuoles.

A

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

70
Q

Stain for mast cells

A

Toluidine blue

71
Q

They study morphologic manifestations of disease.

A

Morphologic pathologist

72
Q

They study the laboratory analysis of disease in living patients.

A

Clinical pathologist

73
Q

It deals with animals such as mammalian, avian, zoo & wildlife, lab animal / primate, fish, etc.

A

Veterinary pathologist

74
Q

It deals with humans.

A

Medical pathologist.

75
Q

Animal models of human disease.

A

Comparative pathologist

76
Q

Description should be: (3)

A

Concise, Grammatically correct and Anatomically accurate.

77
Q

3 steps useful in Veterinary medicine: (3)

A

OBSERVE carefully, DESCRIBE completely and DIAGNOSE (DEDUCE OR INTERPRET) confidently.

78
Q

Components of a Description: (9)

A
  1. Tissue
  2. Number
  3. Distribution
  4. Shape
  5. Color
  6. Size
  7. Pattern
  8. Consistency
  9. Special features
79
Q

Pathology provides the basis for understanding: (7)

A
  1. The mechanisms of disease
  2. The classification of diseases
  3. The diagnosis of diseases
  4. The basis of treatment
  5. Monitoring the progress of disease
  6. Determining prognosis
  7. Understanding complications
80
Q

It is the standard classification of disease

A

SNOMED

81
Q

SNOMED considers the following aspects:

A

▪ Topography
▪ Morphology
▪ Etiology
▪ Function
▪ Disease
▪ Procedure
▪ Occupation

VPATH 311 (4 decks)

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