Lecture 2: Infectious Disease Flashcards
Infectious diseases in the developing worlds vs Now
Before:
- 25 million deaths circa 1998 (per year)
- 1/3 of the world had tuberculosis
- 4 million died per year from curable diseases from bad water
- 6 million died per year from HIV and Malaria
Now:
- 17 million die per year (down 1/3)
- 1/4 of the world had tuberculosis
- 500k children die per year from curable diseases from bad water
- 405k million died per year from Malaria (228 million cases); 690k from HIV (1.7 million new infections and 38 million total)
What causes malaria?
protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum (severe) or vivax (limited and nonlethal)
How is malaria transmitted?
anopheles mosquito
How has malaria cases been reduced?
widespread use DDT (mosquito repellant) until resistance to treatment evolved
What is the leading global infectious disease killer worldwide?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS)
What does 1/2 of people infected with HIV also develop?
Tuberculosis (1/3 of deaths)
What does HIV do?
infects immune system cells, destroys T-cells
how does HIV lead to death?
Death is the direct result of other microbes co-infecting the patient
What is the main cause of enteric diseases?
drinking contaminated water or undercooked food (Escherichia coli and rotavirus)
How are enteric diseases treated?
with fluids and prevented with sewage treatment
What is a problem in developed countries with enteric diseases?
resistance to antibiotics
Who mapped cholera and to where?
John Snow mapped cholera to a contaminated well (Considered the
founding event in ID
epidemiology)
Cholera Bed
Beds with holes cut in them so people did not have to get up to go to the bathroom cause they would lose about 10L of bodily fluids in a day and could not get up to walk
Antibiotic resistant bacteria restore the potential threat of bacterial infections, for example:
VRE, MRSA, multi-drug resistant TB
New viruses that have emerged as threats
HIV, West Nile Virus, Ebola
