Lecture 2 - Industry 4.0 & Knowledge graphs

Question 1

Industry 4.0

Answer 1

4th Industrial revolution: IoT, Cyber Physical Systems, networks

Question 2

Industry 4.0 key technologies: (5)

Answer 2

1. Cyber-physical systems
2. Cloud computing
3. Internet of Things
4. 3D printing
5. Big Data, Analytics

Question 3

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI):

Answer 3

Enable electronic communication between companies in the supply chain based on standards.

Question 4

Mirror world basic concept (Dai & Vasarhelyi, 2017)

Answer 4

Connection with the real (physical) and virtual (mirror) world.
Items in PW keeps corresponding items in MW to keep real-time information of it.

Question 5

Industry 3.0 vs 4.0 (5)

Answer 5

1. Manufacturing process vs whole product lifetime (also maintenance)
2. plan vs act
3. lean manufacturing vs smart manufacturing
4. decide by experience vs decide by information
5. save money vs create new revenue streams

Question 6

The different layers of the Knowledge graphs (5):

Answer 6

1. Application layer
2. Data analytic layer
3. Cyber layer
4. Edge layer
5. Device layer

Question 7

Value drivers of the industry 4.0 are (8)

Answer 7

1. Time to market
2. Service / aftersales
3. Resources
4. Asset utilization
5. Labor (productivity and smart working)
6. Quality
7. Personalization
8. Supply / demand match

Question 8

Linked Open Data: standardized data in a decentralized (ungoverned) context has several problems (7):

Answer 8

The problem:

1. Data everywhere → but caped over many applications. So how do you combine it? Data must be available and ready to integrate it (so in the same format) that you can combine
2. Relevant data is scattered over many files and applications
3. Data from multiple sources needs to be used together
4. Data needs to be re-used out of context
5. Exchange across systems, departments, organizations
6. No “integrated schema”
7. No centralized data governance possible anymore when you cross organizational borders

Question 9

Solution on LOD is Linked Data (now called Knowledge Graphs):

Answer 9

1. URIs: Universal Identifiers for object identification
2. RDF: HTML for Linked Data: data representation
3. SPARQL: SQL for Linked Data: data retrieval

Question 10

The Triples concept is?

Answer 10

All information can be broken down into simple “Subject-Predicate-Object” triples.

Thing - Attribute - Value:

• This course has name “BAET”
• This lecture has data “2020-12-07”

Thing - Relationship - Thing:

• This lecture location is room WZ 104
• This lecture teacher is Weigand

Question 11

Contribution Knowledge Graphs to Conversational AI: (3)

Answer 11

1. The contribution of KG is providing more data from heterogeneous sources, including personal data (personalization)
2. KG data can also be used to generate queries that can be used to train the (ML-based) NL Interpreter
3. KG data can be used to improve the Intention finder, by attaching domain specific intentions to objects.