Lecture 2 History

Question 1

What does Hegemony mean?

Answer 1

It means to have an influence over another; to be a leading power

Question 2

What dynasty is the name China based on?

Answer 2

Qin dynasty

Question 3

what was the xia dynasty known for?

Answer 3

flood control
advancements in agriculture and irrigation systems
metal work
(BCE)

Question 4

What was the Shang dynasty known for?

Answer 4

Developing the Chinese writing system
Military technology
(BCE)

Question 5

which dynasty was known for the feudal system

Answer 5

the zhou dynasty (BCE)

Question 6

what is a feudal system?

Answer 6

where a kind grants a noble land in return for loyalty and military support

Question 7

What is the mandate of heaven?

Answer 7

It suggests that a ruler is nominated by divine powers and must be obeyed. If the ruler is corrupt, then they will be punished through famines, floods or other natural disasters

Question 8

What is the Zhou dynasty known for ?

Answer 8

the feudal system?
the mandate of heaven
confucianism, taoism and legalism
(BCE)

Question 9

What are the main principles of confucianism?

Answer 9

One should lead by example
familial and social harmony

Question 10

what does ‘Ren’ mean

Answer 10

extending empathy and kindness to others

Question 11

What does ‘Li’ mean?

Answer 11

Social harmony achieved through rituals and ceremony

Question 12

What does ‘Xiao’ mean?

Answer 12

Hierarchical respect structures
e.g. children respect parents

Question 13

What does ‘Yi’ mean

Answer 13

Righteousness and justice - even if personal sacrifice is required

Question 14

What does Zhi mean?

Answer 14

Knowledge and wisdom + good morals

Question 15

What does junzi mean

Answer 15

a descriptive term for someone who embodies the 5 confucious values

Question 16

when was the great leap forward?

Answer 16

1958-1961

Question 17

what was the great leap forward

Answer 17

where china tried to industrialise by using cheap labour to increase exports. Lead to mass famine

Question 18

when and what did deng xiaoping’s economic reforms achieve?

Answer 18

1978
economic reforms after copying successful strategies from hong kong

Question 19

what are the 3 confucian principles

Answer 19

moral action, knowing and feeling

Question 20

what does taoism say

Answer 20

simplicity and naturalness
minimise control and ruling
focus on inner peace
yin yang
1 country 2 systems

Question 21

four main chinese philosophies

Answer 21

taoism
legalism
buddhism
confucianism

Question 22

what does legalism advocate for?

Answer 22

people are naturally greedy
strict laws
centralised control
powerful military
harsh punishments

Question 23

what was the first great chinese empire and what was it known for?

Answer 23

the qin dynasty (standardised states, centralised powers, legalist) (BCE)

Question 24

what was the greatest dynasty in china’s history?

Answer 24

Tang dynasty (618-907 CE)

Question 25

what dynasties were 1500-1800AD?

Answer 25

The Ming Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty

Question 26

What was the Ming dynasty known for?

Answer 26

(1368-1644 CE)
Restored Han governance principles
extensive domestic and international trade
maritime expeditions
later shifted towards isolationism

Question 27

What was the Qing dynasty known for?

Answer 27

(1644-1912 CE)
Manchu conquest and expansion
expanded china’s borders
dual administrative system (Manchu and Han)
Cultural achievements and Western influences
opium wars

Question 28

List the major factors that led to the decline of China by the late 1800s and the end of the Qing era. (3 marks)

Answer 28

Internal rebellions within the Qing dynasty
civil wars between the manchu-led qing dynasty (imperial) and the hakka-led taiping heavenly kingdom (anti-imperial)
opium wars after trade with UK
treaty of nanking - concessions from china including hong kong, major ports and trading conditions
sino-japanese war

Question 29

Outline the major agricultural, economic and institutional conditions that led to the rise of China as a global superpower from 1500 to 1800AD. (3 marks)

Answer 29

• extensive domestic and international trade
• competitive trade policies - e.g. against UK with tea/opium trade
• manchu expansion of Chinese borders
• dual administrative systems

Question 30

What is the acronym for the chinese nationalists?

Answer 30

KMT

Question 30

what are the similarities between the mandate of heaven and confucianism?

Answer 30

both emerged in zhou dynasty
xiao
Li
Zhi