4 Agricultural reforms Flashcards
What were the impacts of the first revolution on China’s villages in the 1950s?
All villages were converted into agricultural collectives, mobilizing farmers to build a socialist countryside.
What significant change occurred during the second revolution in the late 1970s?
The collective system was dissolved, modernizing and marketizing the rural economy.
What were the goals of the ‘Grain First Policy’ (1966-76)?
To strengthen food security by emphasizing grain production, serving as an implicit tax for industrialization.
What is the main activity in administrative villages in China today?
Farming remains the dominant activity, while non-farming activities are conducted in nearby market towns.
How did rural reforms (1974-1984) change the agricultural landscape?
Procurement prices increased, collectives gained self-management rights, and work-point allocation shifted to output-based.
What challenges did rural residents face post-reforms?
Decline in healthcare and education resources, inadequate infrastructure, and income disparity between rural and urban areas.
What was the purpose of the ‘New Socialist Countryside’ initiative (2006)?
To improve rural living standards through modernization, public goods provision, income redistribution, and rural governance support.
What were the main components of the Green Revolution in China?
Introduction of modern inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and complementary technologies.
How has demand diversification affected Chinese agriculture?
Higher incomes led to a shift from grain consumption to diets with more protein, fat, and sugar, increasing demand for meat and associated grains.
What is the ‘120 Million Hectare Red Line’ policy?
A national target to maintain 120 million hectares of cultivated land to prevent loss to development.
What are Taobao Villages, and why are they significant?
Rural areas that focus on e-commerce via Taobao, fostering economic activity, labor market pooling, and knowledge exchange.
What were the effects of TVEs (Township and Village Enterprises) on China’s economy?
TVEs broke SOE monopolies, promoted competition, and fostered rural industrial growth.
What is the ‘No-Net-Loss Policy’ regarding agricultural land?
A policy to maintain stable arable land amounts despite urbanization, enforced at the local government level.
What were the key features of agricultural policy stances during 2007-2008?
Regulated grain prices, indirect taxation on producers, and prohibition of food grain exports to evade high global food prices.
When was the “New Socialist Countryside” initiative introduced?
2006
