lecture 2- head osteology Flashcards
left common carotid artery is a branch of the
arch of the aorta
opening on the base of the skull
foramen spinosum
arteries that arise from the maxillary artery
branches to the muscles of mastication, middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, sphenopalatine
arteries that branch of the external carotoid artery
facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal
associated with the infra temporal fossa
pterygoid venous plexus, medial pterygoid muscle, maxillary artery, inferior alveolar nerve
vein that drains the scalp posterior to the auricle and superior to the mastoid process
superficial temporal
ligament that connects adjacent laminae is the
ligamenta flava
layer of the scalp containing the ramifying arteries, veins, and nerves is the
connective tissue layer
two parts of the cranium
neurocranium and viscerocranium
neurocranium
bony case of the brain, including cranial menages
singular bones in neurocranium
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoidal, ad occipital
paired bones in neurocranium
temporal and parietal
calvaria
dome-like roof of the neurocranium (skull cap)
cranial base
floor of the neurocranium
viscerocranium
anterior part of cranium
singular bones in viscerocranium
mandible, ethmoid , vomer
paired bones in viscerocranium
maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal
fontanel
unossified area in the infant cranium
suture
fibrous joint between cranial bones
air sinuses; pnematized bones
contains air spaces that increase with age
supraorbital foramen
located in supraorbital margin
glabella
smooth slightly depressed area between superciliary arches
zygomatic bones
form prominence of cheeks, lie inferolateral to orbits , rest on maxillae,
contributes to medial wall of the orbit
lacrimal bone, contains fossa for lacrimal sac
lamina papyracea
orbital plate of ethmoid bone, posterior to the lacrimal bone, contributes to medial wall
inferior orbital fissure
between maxilla, zygomatic and greater wing of the sphenoid
infraorbital groove
depression on the orbital surface of the maxilla
alveolar processes
tooth sockets (alveoli)
infraorbital foramen
inferior to each orbit, located on the maxillae
maxillary tuberosity
posterior on maxilla, behind last tooth. most prominent after growth of wisdom tooth
body
horizontal part of mandible
ramus
vertical part of mandible
angle
union of body and ramus
mental protuberance
forms prominence of chin
mental foramen
outside of the body on the mandible
coronoid process
anterior to condylar proces on mandible
mandibular notch
between coronoid and condylar processes
condylar process
inserts into mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ
alveolar process
house the lower teeth
interalveolar septa
bony partitions separating tooth sockets
mental spine
site of attachment for muscles
mandibular foramen
next to and guarded by the lingual
lingula
spinous process protecting the mandibular foramen and the nerve
zygomatic process
forms part of zygomatic arch, where the temporal bone meets zygomatic
pterion
weak area of bone junctions
temporal fossa
muscle filled space
coronal suture
separates frontal and parietal bones
sagittal suture
separates parietal bones
lambdoid suture
separates parietal and temporal bones from occipital bone
extends laterally from external occipital protuberance. marks the superior limit of neck posteriorly
superior nuchal line
anterior to superior nuchal line and posterior to posterior rim of foramen magnum
inferior nuchal line
transition point between brain and spinal cord
foramen magnum
protuberances on each side of FM. articulates cranium with vertebral column
occipital condyles
depression posterior (and lateral) to FM and containing the condylar canal
condylar fossa and the condylar canal is there as well
anterior to the occipital canals
hypoglossal canal
eminence on basilar part. attachment for pharyngeal wall
pharyngeal tubercle
exist only in the diseased, dry cranium. between occipital, temporal and sphenoid bones
foramen lacerum
stylomastoid foramen
in temporal bone, posterolateral to styloid process and anteromedially to mastoid process
medial to the styloid process
carotid canal
posterior to cartid canal
jugular foramen
anterior to external acoustic meatus opening . accommodates mandibular condyles
mandibular fossa
anterior to the external acoustic meatus opening
petrotympanic fissure
front boundary of mandibular fossa
articular tubercle
extend inferiorly from the junction of body and wings, medial to lateral pterygoid plate
medial pterygoid plate
small hook shape coming off the medial pterygoid plate that serves as muscle attachment
pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone
posterolateral to lateral pyerygoid plate. opens into the infra temporal fossa
foramen ovale
posterior and slightly lateral to foramen oval
foramen spinosum
posterior to foramen spinosum , it guards it
spine
contributes to nasal septum, posterior to palatine bone
Vomer
posterior to the opening of nasal cavity
choanae
anterior to vomer and posterior to maxilla
palatine vomer
posterolateral to palatine bone
greater palatine foramen
posterior to greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramina
posterior to incisive teeth
incisive fossa
median bony extension in frontal bone
frontal crest
at the base of the frontal crest
foramen cecum
thick, median ridge posterior to foramen cecum
crista galli
sieve like structure on each side of crista galli
cribriform plate
guards hypophyseal fossa anteriorly
anterior clinoid process
elevation of bone, forming anterior boundary of hypophyseal fossa
tuberculum sellae
median depression b/w the tuberculum and dorsum sellae
hypophyseal fossa
houses the pituitary gland
hypphyseal fossa
elevation of bone, forming posterior boundary of hypophyseal fossa, and ends laterally in the posterior clinoid processes
dorsum sellae
guards hypophysial fossa posteriorly
posterior clinoid process
between the greater and lesser wings of sphenoid and goes into the orbit
superior orbital fissure
posterior to medial end of superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
characteristics of a developing cranium
unerupted teeth, small face area compared to cranial cavity (1/8 the size of cranial portion; 1/3 in adults) ; no rams of mandible at birth ;
in a developing cranium processes that are underdeveloped
mastoid and styloid
soft spots syn.
fontanels or soft spots
in a developing cranium between frontal and parietal bones
anterior fontanel
in a developing cranium between parietal and occipital bones
posteior fontanel
in a a developing cranium where temporal parietal and occipital bones converge
mastoid fontanel
in a developing cranium where sphenoid, frontal, parietal and temporal bones converge = pterion in adults. one of the last areas of the skull to develop
sphenoid fontanel
