Lecture 2: General Appearance and Skin Exam Flashcards
What is Unsteady Gait?
- Lack of coordination; abnormal posture during ambulation
- gait influenced by pain
- muscle/nervous system abnormalities
What can cause Unsteady Gait?
- inflammatory joint disease, joint/bone infection, muscle/tendon disease, trauma, congenital disease, footwear
What is Parkinsonian Gait?
- Trunk, head, neck forward and knee flexed
- wide base, small shuffling step
- tend to fall forward and increase speed (festination)
What is the ABCDE of skin lesion screeing?
A - asymmetry (visually split in half and compare)
B - borders
C - color (important in determine metastatic potential)
D - diameter (concerned if > 6 cm)
E - evolution (change in morphology, size, symptoms)
Hair Assessment (Hirsutism, Virilization, Alopecia)
Hirsutism - excessive hairiness, especially in women
Virilization - secondary male sex traits in females
- most common cause: polycystic ovarian syndrome
- excessive terminal hair growth
Alopecia - balding, loss of hair
What is the most common area for basal/squamous cell carcinomas?
the face
What is Palatal petechiae?
“Hand-Foot-Mouth” Disease
- caused by multiple enteroviruses
What are common sites for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis?
psoriasis - elbows
atopic dermatitis - anticubital fossae
What is a common site for dermatitis, scabies, and lichen planus?
flexor wrists
lichen planus - recurrent, pruritic, inflammatory eruption (small, discrete polygonal, flat-topped papules that may coalesce into rough scaly plaques
What are the major things to look for during fingernail inspection?
- onycholysis (distal nail plate detached from nail bed)
- fungal growth
- clubbing (> 180 degrees), vert/horizontal defects, color change, splinter hemorrhages
What are the 6 F’s that contribute to increased abdominal girth?
Fluid, Flatus, Feces, Fetus, Fat, Fatal Tumor
Where are over 40% of melanomas in women found?
on anterior/medial surfaces of legs
What are signs of vascular disease in feet?
pallor and decreased temperature
Common Practices for Draping (3)
- respect patients privacy
- expose only what is needed to be exposed
- communicate what you are doing before you do it through explanation and patient consent
What should lower legs be evaluated for?
edema, stasis dermatitis, ulcers
What should the abdomen be evaluated for?
- examine body folds of obese patients for evidence of candida infection or intertrigo
- examine inguinal area for lymphadenopathy and fungal infection
Where are 40% of melanomas in men located
upper central back
