Lecture 2 - Falak Flashcards
Define Psychology
the scientific study of behaviour; and their mental processes of living organisms (w the use of the scientific method)
Define hypothesis
tentative explanation of why something happens
Define empirical method
based on observation, including experimentation rather than a method based on forms of logical argument
Who is considered to have established Psychology as a science?
Wilhelm Wundt - Father of Psychology
What did Wundt study?
Structuralism
Define Structuralism.
focuses on mental processes rather than their function
How did Wundt view Psychology?
A study of conscious experience
Define introspection
process where someone examines their own conscious experienced attempted objectively
How was introspection studied?
Reaction times
Who would ask this question: what is the conscious experience of anger?
Structuralist
What is functionalism?
focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment
Who is the father of Functionalism?
William James
Who would ask this question: what biological function does consciousness serve?
Functionalist
How did William James view Psychology?
to study the function of behavior in the world
How is functionalism different from structuralism?
How is functionalism similar to structuralism?
What is Gestalt Psychology?
sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, but the whole is what the individual experiences as perception
What does Gesalt Psychology contrast?
Structuralism
When did Gestalt Psychology orginate?
Early 20th Century
what is the Psychoanalytic theory?
focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious & early childhood experiences
Define the unconscious mind
a repository of feelings and urges of which we have no awareness
Who are the major figures in Behaviorism?
Pavlov
Watson
Skinner
Define Operant conditioning
Behaviors that result in a pleasant consequence will be repeated
What is Humanism?
the perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good
Who are the major figures in humanism?
Maslow
Carl Rogers
What & When was the Cognitive Revolution?
focused on how the brain processes information
emphasizes on mental processes
What are the contrasting branches of psychology compared to the historic ones?
feminist and multicultural
Who was a major figure in Multicultural?
Cecil Sumner
Define evolutionary psychology
focuses on long-term (ultimate) biological causes of behavior
Define biopsychology
Interested in the brain and nervous system
Define sensation and perception psychology
understanding what you hear and see; focused on how information from our sensory modalities is received, and how this information is transformed into our perceptual experiences of the world around us
Define development psychology
focuses on development across a lifespan
define personality psychology
focuses on patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique
define social psychology
how the perceived presence of people influences us
define clinical psychology
identification, diagnosis, treatment of mental disorders and other problematic behaviors
What type of discipline is clinical?
Applied
Which figures were apart of the experimental branch?
Von Helmholtz, Wundt, James, Gestalt
Timeline for Branches of Psychology
Which figures were apart of the behaviourism branch?
Skinner, Pavlov and Watson
Which figures were apart of the clinical branch?
Freud
Which figures were apart of the humanist branch?
Maslow, Carl Rogers
What did freud do well?
Highlight childhood experiences
Unconscious vs. conscious
Acknowledged psychological problems as real
Motivations can cause psychological conflict
What is the skinner box?
chamber that allowed the careful study of the principles of modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment
Who is a major figure in feminist psychology?
karen horney
Who would study the chemicals released by friendship?
biopsychologist
Who would study the role friendship plays in survival?
evolutionary psychologist
