Lecture 2: Data Collection/Assessment Flashcards
Why must CDAs have good observation skills
They may assist with assessment
They may assist with intervention
They may need to collect it one on one or in group settings
The may be asked to produce a description of communicative behaviour
What must your observations be
OBJECTIVE and MEASURABLE
What do you want to avoid when writing your observations
Interpretation…
- mental states
- intelligence
- feelings
- reasons for doing things
- self concept
What do operational definitions need to be
Objective: observable features of behaviour and environment
Clear: so others can use it and replicate it
Complete: Include what is and what is not an instance of the target behaviour
What are some tips for observation
- Avoid eye contact and facial expression that initiates communication
- Wear comfortable plain clothing
- Avoid obvious staring
- Distance yourself
- If asked provide general info and end convo
Participant observation
When the observer takes part in the group or the activity
CDA may be the communication partner and the observer/recorder when taking a language sample
How do you get a child to talk while doing a language sample
- Dont say much during the first 5 minutes
- Play next to the child, talk about play actions
- Gradually work in in some interaction and offer toys that would make it more fun
- Do not ask if you can play
- Make positive comments
6 .Get the child moving by having an active game
What are the data collection methods
- Narrative description
- Anecdotal records
- Frequency counts
- Time sampling
- Probe data
- Checklists
- Screenings
Narrative Description
- Write down everything the individual does as it happens with as much detail as possible
- Record the context of the behaviour
- Beneficial if done several times over a period of time
What are the advantages and disadvantages to narrative description
Advantage: its in detail and looks at the whole picture
Disadvantage: costs time and energy
Anecdotal Records
Written description of a particular event that has occurred
What are the main components to anecdotal records
- Direct observation
- Its a prompt, accurate and specific description of an event
- Context is noted
- Recorded whether or not the behaviour is typical
What are the advantages and disadvantages of anecdotal records
Advantage: gives a continuos record of a childs behaviour in a specific setting and is used to document change
Disadvantage: easy to put bias in interpretation
Frequency Counts
AKA Event Recording
It is the recording of occurrences of a specific behaviour, or the recording rate of that behaviour over a specific time
Time Sampling
Divide observation time into equal intervals and record the occurrence of the behaviour during each interval
What types of data collection need a clearly defined behaviour
Frequency counts
Time sampling
Probe Data
This is like a mini test collected at the beginning of a session
You want to establish if the client can complete the response with no models
What are the data collection guidelines
- try to collect data on ear response
- have a data seet prepared beforehand
- differentiate between different goals and levels
- Calculate percentage accuracy
Why use notation
This can indicate correct and incorrect response and you can identify prompts use etc
What can be used instead of notations?
Reinforcement tokens based on 10 token so that you can get an % accuracy
When collecting data at sentence level what kind of sampling would you use?
Time sampling
What is the purpose of evaluation
To determine eligibility to a program or intervention
What is the purpose of an assessment
To identify if a person has a speech/language disorder/impairment
Plan intervention programs
Monitor changes/measure progress
What does an assessment involve?
- Observing the individual in their natural environment
- Review background information/case history/diagnostic reports
- Interviewing caregivers and teachers
- Checklists
- Tests
Four methods of assessment
- Standardized tests or norm-refered tests
- performance in relation to normed group - Criterion-referenced tools
- Performance in relation to clearly defined behaviours or tasks - Langauge and speech samples
- Curriculum based assessments
CDA work: What is done before the assessment
- Complete screening
- Collect information relevant for reports, additional documentation
- Prep and organize materials as directed by SLP
- Prep data sheets
- Prep for the test
- Set up room m
- Test equipment to ensure it works
CDA work: What is done during the assessment
- Assist with materials, introduce or remove items
- Record responses, behaviours, fill data sheets
- Take notes
- Engage client in interaction to get language sample
- Help deal with problem behaviours
- Run recording equipment
- Engage child while SLP and parent talk
CDA work: What is done after the assessment
- Clean up assessment room
- Ensure equipment used is properly shut down
- Return equipment
- Tally responses, tabulate results
- Transcribe language sample
- Proved SLP notes you took
What are attributes a CDA should have
- Basic understanding of assessment methods
- Accurate observation skills
- Objective observation skills
- Organizational skills
- Flexibility
CDA role in screening
Can administer Score Material prep Paperwork Take notes Score the screener Summarize data NOT interpret
Chronicle age
Date of birth
Corrected age
When child is born premature
ex. 1 year 1 month and it was 2 mo premature = 9 mo
Assessment vs. Screening
Assessment:
CDA cannot administer
Purspose is to identify if an individual has speech/language impairment/disorder
Screening:
CDA can administer
Purpose is to identify individuals that may have a speech/language impairment and require further assessment
