Lecture 2 - Conditions of Female Reproductive System Flashcards
what are the two main cycles involved in the female reproductive cycle?
ovarian cycle and menstrual cycle
what changes occur in the ovarian cycle?
changes in the ovary during and after maturation of the oocyte
what does the menstrual cycle involve changes in?
changes in the endometrium to prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum
what occurs during the menstrual cycle if implantation does not occur?
the stratum functionalis is shed during menstruation
what hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?
progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and inhibin
what hormones are secreted by the ovarian follicles?
estrogen and inhibin
what hormone is released by the hypothalamus?
GnRH
what does GnRH stimulate the release of from the anterior pituitary gland?
FSH and LH
what 2 processes does the FSH stimulate?
initial development of ovarian follicles and further development of the ovarian follicles and their secretion of estrogen and inhibin
what 2 structures does FSH stimulate?
growing follicles and ovaries
what 2 processes does the LH stimulate?
ovulation (secretion of estrogen and inhibin) and the secretion of the progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and inhibin by the corpus luteum
at what points of the reproductive cycle are the FSH, estrogen, LH and progesterone at their highest?
FSH - fairly constant
estrogen - pre ovulation
LH - at ovulation
progesterone - post ovulation
what are 5 of the most common symptoms of perimenopause?
- irregularity/skipped menstrual cycle
- sleep disturbances/fatigue
- increased body temp
- mood changes (anxiety/depression)
- difficulty concentrating
what is the general definition of menopause?
complete cessation of ovarian function and menses for 12 consecutive months
what is the typical age of onset of menopause?
45-50 years old
what happens to the hormones and ovarian follicles upon menopause?
estrogen and progesterone decline; number of ovarian follicles approaches zero
what could bleeding after the onset of menopause indicate?
possible cancer or polyps
premenopausal women who have a hysterectomy will experience___menopause
surgical
what is the general definition of premature menopause?
cessation of menstruation before age of 40 years old - premature ovarian failure
what can be the cause of panic attacks, depression and mood swings in menopause?
decreased serotonin levels
what is a hysterectomy?
surgical removal of the uterus
what are 4 indications for a hysterectomy?
endometriosis, ovarian cyst, excessive bleeding, and cancer of cervix, uterus or ovaries
what is endometriosis?
appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus causing pelvic pain
what are 2 types of hysterctomy?
complete - removal of cervix
radical - removal of uterus, tubes, ovaries, part of vagina, pelvic lymph nodes and supporting ligaments
