Lecture 2 - Conditions of Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main cycles involved in the female reproductive cycle?

A

ovarian cycle and menstrual cycle

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2
Q

what changes occur in the ovarian cycle?

A

changes in the ovary during and after maturation of the oocyte

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3
Q

what does the menstrual cycle involve changes in?

A

changes in the endometrium to prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum

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4
Q

what occurs during the menstrual cycle if implantation does not occur?

A

the stratum functionalis is shed during menstruation

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5
Q

what hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

A

progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and inhibin

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6
Q

what hormones are secreted by the ovarian follicles?

A

estrogen and inhibin

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7
Q

what hormone is released by the hypothalamus?

A

GnRH

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8
Q

what does GnRH stimulate the release of from the anterior pituitary gland?

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

what 2 processes does the FSH stimulate?

A

initial development of ovarian follicles and further development of the ovarian follicles and their secretion of estrogen and inhibin

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10
Q

what 2 structures does FSH stimulate?

A

growing follicles and ovaries

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11
Q

what 2 processes does the LH stimulate?

A

ovulation (secretion of estrogen and inhibin) and the secretion of the progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and inhibin by the corpus luteum

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12
Q

at what points of the reproductive cycle are the FSH, estrogen, LH and progesterone at their highest?

A

FSH - fairly constant
estrogen - pre ovulation
LH - at ovulation
progesterone - post ovulation

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13
Q

what are 5 of the most common symptoms of perimenopause?

A
  1. irregularity/skipped menstrual cycle
  2. sleep disturbances/fatigue
  3. increased body temp
  4. mood changes (anxiety/depression)
  5. difficulty concentrating
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14
Q

what is the general definition of menopause?

A

complete cessation of ovarian function and menses for 12 consecutive months

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15
Q

what is the typical age of onset of menopause?

A

45-50 years old

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16
Q

what happens to the hormones and ovarian follicles upon menopause?

A

estrogen and progesterone decline; number of ovarian follicles approaches zero

17
Q

what could bleeding after the onset of menopause indicate?

A

possible cancer or polyps

18
Q

premenopausal women who have a hysterectomy will experience___menopause

A

surgical

19
Q

what is the general definition of premature menopause?

A

cessation of menstruation before age of 40 years old - premature ovarian failure

20
Q

what can be the cause of panic attacks, depression and mood swings in menopause?

A

decreased serotonin levels

21
Q

what is a hysterectomy?

A

surgical removal of the uterus

22
Q

what are 4 indications for a hysterectomy?

A

endometriosis, ovarian cyst, excessive bleeding, and cancer of cervix, uterus or ovaries

23
Q

what is endometriosis?

A

appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus causing pelvic pain

24
Q

what are 2 types of hysterctomy?

A

complete - removal of cervix

radical - removal of uterus, tubes, ovaries, part of vagina, pelvic lymph nodes and supporting ligaments

25
Q

what are 5 indications for hormone replacement therapy?

A
  1. hot flashes
  2. vaginal dryness
  3. prevention of osteoporosis
  4. decreased risk of colon cancer and stroke
  5. improves pain tolerance and serotonin levels
26
Q

what are 5 increased risks with HRT?

A
  1. MI or stroke (blood clots in general) in first year (healthy women)
  2. endometrial cancer
  3. breast cancer with prolonged use > 4years
  4. gallstones
  5. increased breast density leading to lower sensitivity of mammograms
27
Q

what are 5 precautions/contra indications of HRT?

A
  1. hx of blood clots, strokes or TIA
  2. pancreatic or liver disease
  3. migraines
  4. uterine fibroids/endometriosis
  5. benign brest disease or breast/endometrial cancers