lecture 2 - conception, prenatal development (germinal and embyronic)

Question 1

conception

Answer 1

when a single cell from the male unites with an ovum in the females’s fallopian tubes

Question 2

fertilisation

Answer 2

a stage in reproduction when an egg and sperm fuse to create a single cell

Question 3

prenatal development

Answer 3

early development controlled by genes

Question 4

inherited abnormal development

Answer 4

chromosomes passed or not passed

Question 5

what are the phases of prenatal growth and their times

Answer 5

germinal - 2 weeks
embryonic - 3-8 weeks
fetal - 8 weeks - birth

Question 6

germinal period

Answer 6

creation of fertilised egg ( 2 weeks)

Question 7

zygote

Answer 7

egg and sperm fuse to create a single cell

Question 8

blastocyte

Answer 8

inner layer of cells that will form the embyro

Question 9

trophocyte

Answer 9

outer layer of cells will provide nutition and support for the embryo

Question 10

amnion

Answer 10

amniotic fluid in amniotic sac

Question 11

what is the function of amniotic fluid

Answer 11

cushioning, controlling temperature and impact

Question 12

umbilical cord function

Answer 12

connect embryo to mothers body

Question 13

what is the function of the placenta

Answer 13

nourishment

Question 14

Organogenesis

Answer 14

organ formation that takes place during 1st - 8 weeks of prenatal development

Question 15

hyperplasia

Answer 15

growth by increase in number of cells

Question 16

hypertrophy

Answer 16

growth by increase in size of cells

Question 17

cephalocaudal

Answer 17

growth from head to the toes

Question 18

proximodistal

Answer 18

growth from the centre out to the limbs

Question 19

plasticity

Answer 19

ability of cells to take on a new function

Question 20

how long is the first trimester

Answer 20

first three months

Question 21

how long is the second trimester

Answer 21

months 4,5,6

Question 22

How long is the third trimester

Answer 22

last three months

Question 23

genetic disorders

Answer 23

physical defects or illness that are caused by problems in the body’s genetic code

Question 24

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Answer 24

range of mental and physical effects of developing unborn baby that are caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy

Question 25

what are the consequences of FASD

Answer 25

short memory/ attention span, small or closed eyes, delayed coordination

Question 26

what are parental factors of prenatal development

Answer 26

maternal diet and nutrition, maternal age, emotional states and stress, paternal factors

Question 27

what are the benefits of the parental factors of prenatal development

Answer 27

better labour, healthy newborn, reduce excessive weight gain, reduce risk of gestational diabetes

Question 28

low birth weight infants

Answer 28

child weighs less than 2.5kg at birth

Question 29

preterm infants

Answer 29

infant is born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation

Question 30

small for date infants

Answer 30

infant’s birth weights are below normal when the length of pregnancy is considered

Question 31

what are the factors for premature birth

Answer 31

diet, drugs, smoking, infection, disease, maternal age

Question 32

consequences for preterm infants

Answer 32

trouble staying warm and feeling, breathing, prone to infections

Question 33

developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Answer 33

lifelong condition that makes it hard to learn motor skills and coordination

Question 34

postpartum depression

Answer 34

involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs four weeks after delivery

Question 35

when does the “baby blues” occur

Answer 35

3-4 days after birth

Question 36

vaccination

Answer 36

exposure of individual to virus to build up immune system

Question 37

national immunisation program

Answer 37

series of immunisations given at a specific times throughout life