lecture 2 - conception, prenatal development (germinal and embyronic) Flashcards

1
Q

conception

A

when a single cell from the male unites with an ovum in the females’s fallopian tubes

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2
Q

fertilisation

A

a stage in reproduction when an egg and sperm fuse to create a single cell

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3
Q

prenatal development

A

early development controlled by genes

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4
Q

inherited abnormal development

A

chromosomes passed or not passed

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5
Q

what are the phases of prenatal growth and their times

A

germinal - 2 weeks
embryonic - 3-8 weeks
fetal - 8 weeks - birth

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6
Q

germinal period

A

creation of fertilised egg ( 2 weeks)

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7
Q

zygote

A

egg and sperm fuse to create a single cell

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8
Q

blastocyte

A

inner layer of cells that will form the embyro

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9
Q

trophocyte

A

outer layer of cells will provide nutition and support for the embryo

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10
Q

amnion

A

amniotic fluid in amniotic sac

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11
Q

what is the function of amniotic fluid

A

cushioning, controlling temperature and impact

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12
Q

umbilical cord function

A

connect embryo to mothers body

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13
Q

what is the function of the placenta

A

nourishment

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14
Q

Organogenesis

A

organ formation that takes place during 1st - 8 weeks of prenatal development

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15
Q

hyperplasia

A

growth by increase in number of cells

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16
Q

hypertrophy

A

growth by increase in size of cells

17
Q

cephalocaudal

A

growth from head to the toes

18
Q

proximodistal

A

growth from the centre out to the limbs

19
Q

plasticity

A

ability of cells to take on a new function

20
Q

how long is the first trimester

A

first three months

21
Q

how long is the second trimester

A

months 4,5,6

22
Q

How long is the third trimester

A

last three months

23
Q

genetic disorders

A

physical defects or illness that are caused by problems in the body’s genetic code

24
Q

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

range of mental and physical effects of developing unborn baby that are caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy

25
what are the consequences of FASD
short memory/ attention span, small or closed eyes, delayed coordination
26
what are parental factors of prenatal development
maternal diet and nutrition, maternal age, emotional states and stress, paternal factors
27
what are the benefits of the parental factors of prenatal development
better labour, healthy newborn, reduce excessive weight gain, reduce risk of gestational diabetes
28
low birth weight infants
child weighs less than 2.5kg at birth
29
preterm infants
infant is born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation
30
small for date infants
infant's birth weights are below normal when the length of pregnancy is considered
31
what are the factors for premature birth
diet, drugs, smoking, infection, disease, maternal age
32
consequences for preterm infants
trouble staying warm and feeling, breathing, prone to infections
33
developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
lifelong condition that makes it hard to learn motor skills and coordination
34
postpartum depression
involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs four weeks after delivery
35
when does the "baby blues" occur
3-4 days after birth
36
vaccination
exposure of individual to virus to build up immune system
37
national immunisation program
series of immunisations given at a specific times throughout life