Lecture 2 - Changing Health Behavior Flashcards
Theories (6)
- Health Belief Model
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Reasoned Action Approach
- Self-Determination Theory
- Health Action Process Approach
- Reflective Impulsive Model
What are these theories for?
Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theor, Reasoned Action Approach & Self-Determination Theory
Getting motivated
What are these theories for? (Self-Determination Theory & Health Action Process Approach)
Preparing for action
and starting to change
What is this theory for? (Reflective Impulsive Model)
‘Interference’ from
impulsive processes
COM-B From theory to
intervention
(3 stages)
stage 1. Understand the behavior.
stage 2. Identify intervention options
stage 3. Identify content & implementation options
COM-B From theory to
intervention
- stage 1. Understand the behavior.
- Define problem in beh. terms
- Select target beh.
- Specify target beh.
- Identify what needs to change.
COM-B From theory to
intervention
- stage 2. Identify intervention options
- Intervention functions
6. Policy categories
COM-B From theory to
intervention
- stage 3. Identify content & implementation options
- Beh. change techniques
8. Mode of delivery
Model of stage of change (circle w. 6 parts)
- Precontemplation: no intention of changing beh.
- Contemplation: Aware a problem exists, no commitment to action.
- Preparation: intent upon taking action.
- Action: active modification of beh.
- Maintenance: Sustained change - new beh. replaces old.
- Relapse: Fall back into old patterns of beh.
= upward spiral (learn from each (re)lapse.)
The Rubicon Model of Action Phases (adapted from Heckhausen & Gollwitzer, 1987)
Choosing > Planning > Acting > Evaluating
- choosing = motivation (pre-decisional)
- planning = volitional (pre-actional)
- acting = volitional (actional)
- evaluating = motivation (post-actional)
choosing –> planning = intention formation
planning –> acting = intention initiation
acting = intention implementation
actng –> evaluating = intention deactivation
Information provision (NICE guideliness 2014, book p.163) (7 parts)
- outcome expectancies
- personal relevance
- positive attitude
- self-efficacy
- descriptive norms
- subjective norms
- personal and moral norms
which theory is self-efficacy part of…
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1989)
Norms
• majority norm
• identification with the norm referent group
• injunctive vs. descriptive norms (see example in book ‘research focus p.
140-142).
Fear Appeal
- a persuasive communication
- scare ppl into changing attitude
- conjuring negative consequences which will happen when not complying with recommendation
Defensive responses
Threat without good RECOMMENDATIONS or EFFICACY = defensive responses
“The Intention-Behavior Gap”
wanting ≠ doing
- Intentions are necessary (most of the time), but
not sufficient for behavior change
Implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1993; 1999)
- Motivational phase = setting goals/ intentions
* Volitional phase = translate intentions into behavior
Implementation intentions =
- When
- Where
- How
“If situations X arises, then I will perform goaldirected behavior Y”
“If situations X arises, then I will perform goaldirected behavior Y” (Implementation intention)
_ effective because?
- Increased activation of the specified cue.
- Automatic activation of the specified response.
e.g. “If I enter the hallway coming home after work, then
I will immediately put on my running shoes and go
for a run”
Behavior is determined by 2
systems:
Dual process theories (Theories
of Automatic Beh., Impulsive Beh., and
Habits)
–>Associative system/ impulsive system/ system 1
–> Reasoned system/ reflective system/ system 2
Promoting health-protective behaviors:
→ initiation of a desired response (e.g. attending a
cancer screening)
Decreasing (habitual) health-risk behaviors:
→ suppression of an undesired response (e.g. quit
smoking)
→ substitution of unwanted response by wanted
response (e.g. eating an apple instead of a candy bar).
Insight into one’s behavior
- Unfortunately people may lack insight into (the causes of)
their own behavior, e.g.,:…
• In a neutral or cold state the impact of hot cues (hunger,
emotions etc) is underestimated.
Disrupting unwanted habits
- Remove or avoid cue ➢ Getting ahead of unwanted habits ➢ Changing the environment/removing the cue - Utilizing (creating?) new situations: ➢ New house ➢ New job ➢ Corona?
